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NewH^yen  Colony  Historical  Society 


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PROCEEDINGS  at  the  public  open- 
ing, SEPTEMBER  28th,  1893  of  the  NEW 
HAVEN  COLONY  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 
BUILDING  ERECTED  BY  HENRY  F.  ENGLISH 
AS  A  MEMORIAL  of  JAMES  E.  and  CARO- 
LINE F.  ENGLISH 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 


PRE66   OF   TUTTLE,    MOREHOUSE    i    TAVLOR,    NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 


1.  Prefatory  Note,  .......  7 

Copy  of  deed  of  building  site,  dated  Nov.  14,  1891,           .  9 

Copy  of  explanatory  agreement,  dated  Nov.  23,  iSgi,       .  11 
Extract   from    minutes    of  diredlors'  meeting,  Nov.   14, 

1S91 13 

Minutes  of  meeting  of  society,  Sept.  28,  1893,        ■             •  '5 

2.  Proceedings   at   the   pubuc    opening    of    the    new 

building  : 

Address  by  the  President,       .....  17 

Commemorative  address  by  Horace  Day,     ...  23 
Sketch   of  the   history   of  the   society   by   Thomas    R. 

Trowbridge,               ......  5i 

3.  List  of  the  executive  officers  of  the  society  since 

its  foundation,            .....  75 

4.  List  of  its  present  officers,           ....  77 

5.  List  of  its  present  members,           .          .          .          .  81   . 


2014936 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS 


1.  The  building,  exterior  view 

2.  Entrance  hall  and  staircase  . 

3.  North  Room — with  collections 

4.  Middle  Room — with  colleftions 

5.  Library- 

6.  Audience  room — looking  south 

7.  Memorial  tablet 

8.  Audience  room — entrance  and  balcony 

9.  Portrait — James  Edward  English 
10.  Portrait — Caroline  Fowler  English 


Frontispiece 
opposite  page    8 
17 
23 
29 

37 
45 
55 
65 
73 


y^a 


PREFATORY 


TDREVIOUS  to  the  eredtion  of  the  present  permanent  home 
of  the  society,  the  rooms  it  occupied  for  its  historical 
and  antiquarian  collecftions,  its  meetings  for  business  and  its 
audience  chamber  were  of  a  temporary  charadler.  For  sev- 
eral years  the  southeast  room  in  the  third  story  of  the  newly 
completed  City  Hall  with  the  adjoining  fire-proof  room,  amply 
sufficed  for  the  accommodation  of  the  society  ;  but  in  1878  the 
needs  of  the  municipal  authorities  of  city  and  town  compelled 
their  abandonment.  A  transient  refuge  was  found  in  the  New 
Haven  State  House,  until  this  last  memorial  of  the  independent 
colonial  existence  of  New  Haven  was  destroyed.  The  Insur- 
ance building  on  Chapel  Street  imperfe(5llj-  served  the  purposes 
of  the  society  until  the  noble  benefaction  of  Mr.  Henry  F. 
English,  in  uniting  a  tribute  of  filial  reverence  with  his  inter- 
est in  a  public  objedl  led  him,  unsolicited,  to  eredl  an  edifice 
every  way  honorable  to  himself  and  admirably  adapted  to  pro- 
mote the  ends  for  which  the  society  was  organized.  In  its 
construdlion  no  pains  were  spared  by  the  donor  in  making  the 
building  attra<5live  in  aspedt,  convenient  in  arrangement  and 
graceful  in  detail.     By  a  fortunate  coincidence  its  location  is 


on  the  home  lot  of  Robert  Newman  in  whose  ' '  mighty  barn  ' ' 
the  constitution  of  the  New  Haven  colony  was  formed  in 
1639. 

The  building  is  modeled  after  the  Italian  renaissance,  some- 
times called  the  colonial  style,  but  with  such  modifications  as 
are  made  necessary  by  a  climate  more  rigid  than  that  of  south- 
ern Europe.  The  plans  were  prepared  by  Bruce  Price,  Esq., 
of  New  York,  under  the  general  supervision  of  Prof.  Arthur 
M.  Wheeler,  of  Yale  University,  both  of  whom  personally 
superintended  the  entire  construdlion.  The  first  story  and 
trimmings  are  of  Tuckahoe  marble  and  its  upper  stories  of 
light  buff  brick  combined  with  terra  cotta. 

The  building  committee  to  whom  were  submitted  the  sev- 
eral plans  and  designs  were  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  Thomas  R. 
Trowbridge,  James  M.  Hoppin,  I,ynde  Harrison  and  Henry  F. 
English. 

The  lot  was  purchased  in  November,  1891  ;  ground  was 
broken  in  April,  1892,  and  the  building  completed  and  pub- 
licly opened,  September,  1893. 

The  entire  cost  has  been  borne  by  Mr.  English  as  follows : 

Building  lot       ....     $11,000.00 
Stru(fture  ....       72,270.00 

Furniture  and  fixtures       .         .         4,930.00 


Total $88,200.00 

The  legal  title  to  the  entire  property  vests  in  the  society. 
The  deed  of  the  land,  by  diredlion  of  Mr.  English,  was  made 


direcflly  to  the  corporation,  while  the  cost  of  construdtion  was 
paid  by  the  donor  as  though  acfling  as  an  agent  for  the  society. 
Copies  of  the  deed  of  the  land  and  an  explanatory  agreement 
respecting  its  use  are  subjoined  : 


"  To  all  people  to  ivhom  these  presents  shall  come,  GREETING  : 

"  Know  ye  that  I,  William  K.  Townsend,  of  the  town  and 
county  of  New  Haven,  in  the  State  of  Connedticut,  for  the 
consideration  of  eleven  thousand  dollars  ($i  1,000),  received 
to  my  full  satisfa(5tion  of  the  New  Haven  Colony  Historical 
Society,  a  corporation  chartered  by  the  State  of  Connedticut 
and  located  in  the  town  of  New  Haven,  do  give,  grant,  bar- 
gain, sell  and  confirm  unto  the  said  New  Haven  Colony  His- 
torical Society,  a  certain  lot  of  land  situated  in  said  New 
Haven  and  bordered  north  on  Grove  Street  fifty  (50  feet)  ; 
east  in  part  on  land  formerly  of  Henry  Trowbridge  deceased, 
and  in  part  on  land  formerly  of  Mrs.  Emily  Billings  deceased  ; 
in  all  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  (172  feet)  more  or  less; 
south  on  land  of  heirs  of  Charles  Denison  in  part,  and  in  part 
on  land  of  J.  Hiller  fifty  (50  feet)  ;  and  west  on  land  of  the 
grantor  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  (172)  feet  more  or  less  ; 
provided,  however,  that  no  building  shall  ever  be  eredted  on 
the  premises  hereby  granted  within  thirty-five  (35)  feet  of  the 
south  line  of  Grove  Street,  and  that  said  lot  shall  be  used  for 
the  eredtion  of  a  building  for  said  society  ;  and  said  grantor 
also  conveys  to  said  grantee,  its  successors  and  assigns,  the 
right  to  put  and  keep  windows  in  any  such  building  which 
said  grantee  may  eredt  on  said  granted  premises,  on  the  west 
line  of  said  premises,  and  covenants  with  said  grantee  its  suc- 
cessors and  assigns  that  he  and  his  heirs  and  assigns  will  never 


obstru(5l  the  light  and  air  otherwise  coming  to  such  building 
and  windows  by  eredling  or  maintaining  on  so  much  of  the 
land  adjoining  the  granted  premises  on  the  west,  as  lies  south 
of  a  line  which  is  parallel  with  the  south  line  of  Grove  Street 
and  seventy-five  (75)  feet  distant  therefrom,  any  strudture 
that  shall  come  nearer  than  ten  (10)  feet  to  the  west  line  of 
the  granted  premises. 

' '  To  have  and  to  hold  the  above  granted  and  bargained  prem- 
ises with  the  appurtenances  thereof,  unto  the  said  grantee,  its 
successors  and  assigns  forever,  to  its  and  their  proper  use  and 
behoof  And  also  I,  the  said  grantor,  do  for  myself,  my  heirs, 
executors,  and  administrators,  covenant  with  the  said  grantee, 
its  successors  and  assigns  that  at  and  until  the  ensealing  of 
these  presents,  I  am  well  seized  of  the  premises  as  a  good  inde-  , 
feasible  estate  in  fee  simple  ;  and  have  good  right  to  bargain 
and  sell  the  same  in  manner  and  form  as  is  above  written  ;  and 
that  the  same  is  free  from  all  incumbrances  whatsoever 
except  as  above  specified  and  provided. 

''  And  furthermore  I,  the  said  grantor,  do,  by  these  presents, 
bind  myself  and  my  heirs  forever  to  warrant  and  defend  the 
above  granted  and  bargained  premises  to  it,  the  said  grantee, 
its  successors  and  assigns,  against  all  claims  and  demands 
whatsoever,  except  as  above  specified  and  provided. 

"  In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal 
this  14th  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1891. 

W.  K.  TOWNSEND.     [l.  s.] 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of 
Edwin  A.  Smith. 
Simeon  E.  Baldwin. 


"STATE  OF  Connecticut,  |  ^^     New  Haven,  Nov.  14,  1891. 
New  Haven  County,         ) 

"  Personally  appeared  William  K.  Townsend,  the  signer  and 
sealer  of  the  foregoing  instrument,  and  acknowledged  the 
same  to  be  his  free  adl  and  deed  before  me, 

EDWIN  A.  SMITH, 

Commissioner  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  New  Haven  County." 

"The  New  Haven  Colony  Historical  Society  and  William  K. 
Townsend  covenant  and  agree  as  follows  in  mutual  explana- 
tion of  the  intent  and  meaning  of  the  conveyance  by  him  to 
it  dated  Nov.  14,  1891  : 

"  I.  If  the  society,  its  successors  or  assigns  ever  open  any 
windows  on  the  west  line  of  its  lot  within  75  feet  of  the  south 
line  of  Grove  Street,  he  and  his  heirs  and  assigns  are  at  per- 
fedl  liberty  to  close  them  up  by  building  in  front  of  them  or 
any  of  them  at  any  time  or  times  thereafter. 

"2.  The  society,  its  successors  or  assigns  may  place  door- 
steps projedling  within  35  feet  from  the  south  line  of  Grove 
Street,  provided  the  top  step  or  platform  does  not  come  higher 
than  five  feet,  six  inches  above  the  grade  of  the  Grove  Street 
sidewalk. 

' '  The  above  covenant  on  the  part  of  each  party  is  made  in 
consideration  of  the  foregoing  covenant  on  the  part  of  the 
other  party. 

"  In  witness  whereof  William  K.  Townsend  hath  set  his 
hand  and  seal  and  the  New  Haven  Colony  Historical  Society 


hath  caused  its  corporate  name  and  seal  to  be  set  by  Simeon 
E.  Baldwin,  its  president,  duly  authorized,  to  this  instrument 
and  to  a  duplicate  hereof,  this  23d  day  of  November,  1891,  at 
New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

W.  K.  TOWNSEND.     [l.  s.] 


Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of 

Samuel  H.    Fisher, 
Edwin  A.  Smith, 


as  to  W.  K.  Townsend. 


Charles  K.  Bush,  -i  as  to  N.  H.  C.  Hist.  Society, 
Edwin  A.  Smith,      J 


By  S.  E.  B.,  President. 


THE  NEW  HAVEN  COLONY 
HISTORICAL   SOCIETY, 
By  Simeon  E.  Baldwin, 

President. 


bTATu  OF  Connecticut,  •) 
^  .  ^  SS.      New  Haven,  Nov.  23,  1891. 

County  of  New  Haven,     ) 

Personally  appeared  William  K.  Townsend,  signer  and 
sealer  of  the  foregoing  instrument  and  acknowledged  the  same 
to  be  his  free  a(5l  and  deed  before  me. 

EDWIN  A.  SMITH, 

Commissioner  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  New  Haven  County. 


State  of  Connecticut, 
County  of  New  Haven, 


^  SS.      New  Haven,  Nov.  24,  1891. 


Personally  appeared  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  President  of  the 
New  Haven  Colony  Historical  Society,  signer  and  sealer  of 
the  foregoing  instrument  and  acknowledged  the  same  to  be  the 
free  adl  and  deed  of  the  New  Haven  Colony  Historical  Society 
before  me. 

EDWIN  A.  SMITH, 

Comtnissioner  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  New  Haven  County. 


The  adlion  of  the  diredlors  of  the  society  at  a 
special  meeting  called  by  the  president  and  held  on 
the  day  of  the  execution  of  the  deed,  Nov.  14,  1891, 
is  shown  by  the  following  extradl  from  their  min- 
utes : 

' '  The  president  announced  that  the  special  purpose  for 
which  the  meeting  had  been  called  was  to  make  public  a  gift 
just  received  from  Henrj'  F.  English,  Esq.,  of  a  building  lot 
on  Grove  street,  and  Mr.  English's  intention  to  eredl  thereon  a 
suitable  building  for  the  society. 

' '  The  announcement  was  a  complete  surprise,  and  after  an 
informal  discussion  concerning  this  generous  donation,  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions  offered  by  Prof.  Hoppin  were  heartily  and 
unanimously  adopted. 

"Whereas,  Henr>'  F.  English,  Esq.,  has  presented  to  this 
society  a  valuable  building  site  on   Grove  street  fronting  Hill- 


house  Ave.,  and  has  signified  his  willingness  to  erecfl  thereon 
a  suitable  building  for  the  use  of  the  society,  as  a  memorial  of 
his  father  and  mother,  each  of  whom  was  descended  from  a 
family  long  identified  with  the  town  of  New  Haven, 

' '  Voted,  That  this  society  accepts  these  generous  and  unso- 
licited gifts  with  its  warmest  acknowledgment  of  the  public 
spirit  and  spontaneous  liberality  which  prompted  them,  and  is 
especially  glad  of  the  assurance  thus  afforded  that  the  memory 
of  Governor  English  whose  name  is  so  honorablj'  connedled 
with  the  history  of  Connedlicut  and  whose  interest  in  the 
society,  of  which  he  was  at  the  time  of  his  decease  the  vice- 
president,  was  alwaj'S  constant  and  deep,  will  be  kept  fresh  in 
the  hearts  of  his  fellow  townsmen  for  all  succeeding  genera- 
tions, not  only  by  what  he  did  for  East  Rock  Park,  but  for 
what  his  son  has  now  done  in  his  name  to  place  upon  a  perma- 
nent foundation  the  promotion  of  historical  research  and  local 
patriotism  in  the  ancient  limits  of  New  Haven  Colony. 

' '  Voted,  That  an  engrossed  copy  of  the  foregoing  resolutions, 
attested  by  the  president  and  secretary,  be  communicated  to 
Mr.  English. 

' '  Voted,  That  a  committee  of  five  consisting  of  the  president, 
secretary  and  three  other  direcflors,  be  appointed  as  representa- 
tives of  the  society  in  respedl  to  the  new  building  and  to  re- 
port to  the  board  their  conclusions  and  recommendations  for  its 
approval,  from  time  to  time  as  may  be  necessary. ' ' 


The  first  meeting  of  the  society  in  the  new  build- 
ing was  held  at  8.00  P.  M.  on  Sept.  28th,  1893.  The 
following  are  the  secretary's  minutes  of  the  proceed- 
ings on  this  occasion. 


Meeting  of  the  Society  on  September  28th,  i8gj. 

The  building  now  occupied  by  the  New  Haven  Colony 
Historical  Society  was  dedicated  and  formally  opened  on  the 
evening  of  Thursday,  September  29th.  A  large  audience  was 
present,  numbering  about  460  persons  :  among  the  number 
were  delegates  from  man}'  kindred  societies  in  dififerent 
sedtions  of  the  country. 

The  rooms  were  brilliantly  lighted  and  handsomely  deco- 
rated with  flowers,  \'ines,  etc.  The  New  Haven  orchestra 
furnished  music  for  the  occasion. 

The  hall  was  crowded  during  the  literary  exercises.  These 
consisted  of  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Newman  Smj'th,  D.D.,  an 
address  by  the  president,  Judge  Simeon  E-  Baldwin,  an  ora- 
tion upon  the  life  of  Hon.  James  E.  English,  by  Horace  Day, 
Esq.,  and  a  paper  by  the  secretary,  Thomas  R.  Trowbridge, 
entitled  the  History  of  the  New  Haven  Colonj^  Historical 
Society. 

At  the  close  of  the  regular  exercises.  President  Baldwin 
called  for  remarks  from  General  Francis  A.  Walker,  LL-D., 
president  of  the  American  Statistical  Association,  and  also 
from  Prof.  H.  B.  Adams,  secretarj-  of  the  American  Historical 
Association,  and  representing  the  historical  sec5lion  of  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  Judge  Harden,  delegate  from  the  Georgia 
Historical  Society,  and  Hon.  Charles  A.  Reed,  the  delegate  of 
the  Old  Colon)'  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetts. 

The  dedicatory  meeting  was  then  closed  and  all  were  invited 
to  the  diredlors'  room  where  a  collation  was  provided.  After- 
wards the  rooms  of  the  society  on  the  lower  floor  were  opened 


to  the  guests  of  the  evening  and  members  of  the  society,  who 
inspedled  the  various  colledtions,  library  and  portrait  gallery. 

All  expressed  great  satisfadlion  that  the  society  had  such  a 
noble  building,  and  were  pronounced  in  their  appreciation  of 
the  liberality  and  public  spirit  of  the  donor. 

Attest : 

THOMAS   R.    TROWBRIDGE, 

Secretary. 


i6 


ADDRESS 


SIMEON   E.    BALDWIN 

President  of  the  Society 

AT   THE   OPENING   OF   THE   NEW   BUILDING 
September  28th,  1893 


T  CONGRATULATE  the  society  on  its  entrance, 
to-night,  into  a  home  of  its  own ;  built  on  the  spot 
which  of  all  others  is  fullest  of  historic  interest  to  us  ; 
for  here  was  the  site  of  Robert  Newman's  bam,  where 
were  laid  the  memorable  foundations  of  the  little 
plantation,  out  of  which  grew  the  ancient  colony  of 
New  Haven,  whose  name  we  perpetuate. 

Nor  are  we  less  fortunate  in  the  year  and  month 
in  which  we  celebrate  this  auspicious  occasion. 
It  was  just  two  hundred  and  fifty  3^ears  ago,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1643,  that  the  articles  of  confederation  were 


finally  consummated  under  which  the  Colony  of  New 
Haven  joined  on  equal  terms  with  those  of  Massa- 
chusetts Ba}^,  Plymouth  and  Conne(5licut,  in  consti- 
tuting, to  endure,  they  hoped,  forever,  the  first 
American  union, — the  "  United  Colonies  of  New 
England." 

The  modesty  of  the  generous  giver,  to  whom  we 
owe  this  noble  edifice  and  fitly  chosen  site,  has  made 
him  unwilling  to  take  any  public  part  in  the  exer- 
cises of  this  evening.  In  the  same  frank  spirit  of 
love  for  New  Haven ;  of  reverence  for  the  institu- 
tions which  have  made  her  what  she  is ;  of  respedl 
for  the  past ;  of  hope  that  its  merits  may  be  seen,  its 
errors  avoided  by  posterity,  the  better  for  the  work 
we  are  doing ;  of  attachment  to  ties  of  ancestry ;  of 
recognition  of  what  one  generation  owes  to  another, 
as  they  pass  on  in  their  endless  train ;  which  has 
led  him  to  this  adl  of  unasked  munificence,  I  accept, 
in  your  behalf,  this  splendid  gift.  We  receive  it 
with  especial  satisfacflion  from  the  hands  of  a  fellow 
citizen,  and  fellow  member  ;  of  one  who  bears  a  name 
long  known  and  honored  here,  and  who  makes  this 
building  a  memorial  of  his  nearest  kindred,  in  the 
generation  just  passed  away. 

The  kindly  face  and  voice  of  Governor  English 
were    familiar   at    the    meetings    of  this    society,    of 


which,  during  his  later  years,  he  served  as  vice- 
president.  I  well  remember  the  vivid  and  spirited 
reminiscences  he  once  gave  us  at  our  rooms  in  the 
old  State  House  (which  he  had  helped  to  build),  of 
the  New  Haven  of  his  boyhood. 

His  public  life  will  be  the  subject  of  remark 
to-night  by  another  who  knew  him  well,  but  let  me 
be  pardoned  for  saying  that  he  was,  before  all,  a  type 
of  the  kind  of  charadler  that  New  Haven  and  New 
England  are  proud  to  claim,  as  peculiarly  their  own ; 
of  the  man  who  makes  the  most  of  his  surroundings, 
who  reaps  prosperity  from  a  rugged  soil ;  who  j  oins 
honesty  to  thrift ;  who  loves  liberality  as  he  scorns 
extravagance ;  who  knows  that  there  is  no  station  in 
life,  however  lowly,  or  however  high,  that  cannot  be 
filled  with  dignity ;  no  reward  of  life  which  cannot 
be  gained  by  industry,  integrity,  good  sense,  and 
good  morals. 

In  the  great  families  of  European  lands,  the  insig- 
nia, the  records,  the  portraits,  the  heir-looms,  of  past 
generations  are  preserved  in  some  ancient  castle  or 
chateau^  under  the  care  of  an  hereditary  representa- 
tive of  the  line,  whom  the  laws  of  descent  have  made 
rather  their  custodian  than  their  owner.  The  nature 
of  American  institutions  forbids  the  creation  here  of 
such  centers  of  family  history.     How  many  are  there 


in  this  audience  who  live  in  a  house  in  which  their 
grandfather  dwelt  before  them  ?  With  every  break 
in  the  line  of  succession  comes  a  division,  a  separa- 
tion, a  sudden  severance  of  the  last  ties  that  had 
bound  some  absent  child  to  the  old  home.  All  this 
is  part  of  the  price  we  pay  for  a  condition  of  society 
founded  on  equality,  and  rejoicing  in  the  common 
inheritance  of  a  vast  territory  into  which  all  were 
invited  to  enter  and  possess  the  land.  But  because 
of  this,  there  is  no  country  where  the  place  of  the 
historical  society  is  so  great,  its  mission  so  high,  as 
on  American  soil.  In  their  colledlions  must  the 
archives  of  our  families  be  sought  and  established. 
There  is  no  one  in  this  hall,  however  he  may  seem 
favored  by  fortune,  who  would  not  be  more  sure  that 
some  prized  relic  of  his  ancestors  would  be  preserved, 
to  be  seen  and  known  by  his  descendants  in  the  third 
and  fourth  generation,  were  it  deposited  here  this 
night,  than  if  kept  in  his  own  possession.  "  Men 
may  come  and  men  may  go,"  but  these  massive 
walls,  this  society,  which  has  already  outlived  almost 
all  its  original  founders,  these  colleAions  that  speak 
to  all  the  history  of  three  centuries,  will  remain. 

If  there  is  in  any  institution  of  human  hands  an 
element  of  perpetuity,  that  institution  is  the  corpora- 
tion chartered  by  the  State  to  cherish  the  memory  of 
what  past  generations  have  said  and  done,  for  good 


or  ill.  We  have  no  theory  to  defend,  which  new  dis- 
coveries may  overthrow ;  no  dodlrine  to  inculcate, 
which  wiser  times  may  pronounce  false ;  no  object  to 
advance  which  posterity  may  deem  antiquated  or 
vain.  Be  the  methods,  the  institutions,  the  actions, 
of  one  century  good  or  bad,  they  are  alike  and  must 
always  be  alike  worthy  of  commemoration  at  the 
hands  of  impartial  history.  During  the  last  week, 
as  tbe  first  fruits  of  this  new  building,  with  the 
security  which  it  affords  against  loss  or  injury,  there 
has  come  here,  to  find  its  fitting  home,  one  of  the 
most  treasured  relics  of  New  England — the  silver 
tankard  of  her  greatest  metaphysician,  Jonathan 
Edwards,  the  gift  to  him  of  his  Northampton  parish- 
ioners. From  father  to  son,  it  has  descended 
through  five  generations,  in  each  of  which  there  was 
a  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  we  receive  it  in  accordance 
with  the  wish  of  the  last  of  the  line,  into  whose  hands 
it  came,  the  late  Dr.  Jonathan  Edwards  of  this 
city. 

I  look  to  see  by  such  accessions  our  colleAions, 
already  of  priceless  value,  grow  steadily  from  year  to 
year.  I  would  have  this  building  the  common  home- 
center  of  New  Haven,  and  of  all  the  towns,  whose 
initials  mark  our  seal,  that  made  up  the  ancient  col- 
ony. I  hope  our  roll  of  membership,  from  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  which  it  now  contains,  may  come  to 


number  five  hundred  or  a  thousand  names.  I  hope, 
and  I  expect,  that  a  career  of  prosperity  and  useful- 
ness will  open  for  this  society,  in  these  stately  halls, 
such  as  it  has  never  yet  attained :  and  in  your  behalf 
I  pledge  it  to  make  them  the  center  of  such  a  gener- 
ous cultivation  of  historical  research  and  local  patri- 
otism that  they  will  be  a  fit  memorial  of  the  names 
in  whose  honor  their  walls  were  reared  by  a  loving 
son,  a  public-spirited  citizen. 


i    .      luXnuUi^.^ 


COMMEMORATIVE    ADDRESS 

Delivered  September  2Sth,  1893 

BY 

HORACE     DAY, 

THE    FIRST    SECRETARY    OF    THE   SOCIETY 


^HE  NEW  HAVEN  COLONY,  whose  name  this 
society  bears,  ceased  to  exist  as  an  independent 
civil  and  political  organization  nearly  two  hundred 
and  thirty  years  ago.  For  a  single  quarter  of  a 
century  New  Haven,  without  authority  derived  from 
charter  grant  and  without  the  recognition  of  any 
superior  earthly  power,  exercised  the  highest  func- 
tions of  sovereignty.  Its  founders  acquired  the  soil 
from  its  native  occupants  as  being  the  only  legitimate 
owners,  organized  their  state,  ena6led  laws,  impris- 
oned, fined  and  whipped  evil  doers  and  beheaded  and 
hung  malefactors.  The  New  Haven  colony  was  for  a 
few  years  the  solitary  instance  of  an  absolutely  inde- 
pendent state  on  the  American  continent. 


The  neighboring  colony  of  Connedlicut  might 
seem  an  exception,  but  when  its  foundations  were 
laid,  they  were  laid  as  being  within  the  chartered 
limits  of  Massachusetts,  while  its  subsequent  claims 
to  territorial  rights  rested  upon  a  questionable  pur- 
chase of  a  grant,  vague  and  ill  defined,  to  John  Hamp- 
den, Pym  and  others,  at  the  mouth  of  Connedlicut 
River. 

Brief  as  was  the  independent  existence  of  the  New- 
Haven  colony  it  survived  long  enough  to  stamp  its 
influence  for  generations  upon  our  homes  and  to  fur- 
nish the  first  precedent  for  much  of  the  legislation 
which  has  made  us  a  free,  independent  and  self- 
governing  people. 

At  its  earliest  beginning,  it  proceeded  with  slow 
and  tentative  steps  and  only  gradually  developed 
itself  into  what  it  soon  became,  the  one  theocracy  in 
the  entire  Protestant  world. 

When  for  the  first  time  the  soil  of  New  Haven  was 
trod  by  the  feet  of  Englishmen  is  unknown.  In  the 
first  settlement  of  civilized  men  in  a  country  of  sav- 
ages, the  trapper  and  the  hunter,  the  tramp  and  the 
scamp,  commonly  take  precedence  of  the  adlual 
settler. 


The  restraints  and  orderly  industries  of  civilized 
communities  are  felt  to  be  irksome  by  men  who  find 
their  highest  enjoyment  in  an  untrammeled,  wander- 
ing life,  in  pursuit  of  beaver  or  deer.  Those  to 
whom  the  sheriff  or  constable  are  an  offense,  accept 
a  life  of  vagabondage  as  their  only  safety.  Such 
men  whether  reputable  or  disreputable  have  their 
place  in  the  planting  of  new  colonies.  These  pio- 
neers of  civilization  become  familiar  with  the  habits, 
manners  and  language  of  the  original  population, 
and  serve  in  a  rude  way  as  interpreters  and  interme- 
diaries between  the  civilized  and  savage  man.  For 
more  than  twentj^  years  before  the  settlement  of  New 
Haven,  the  traders  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Com- 
pany, visiting  the  coasts  of  Long  Island  Sound  in 
search  of  pelts  and  furs,  furnished  a  sufficient  induce- 
ment to  adventurers  of  this  class  of  different  nation- 
alities, to  make  their  temporary  habitation  among 
the  natives.  Whether  Thomas  Stanton  and  John 
Clark  in  this  waj^  became  acquainted  with  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Quinnipiac  tribe  or  not,  thej'  had  become 
sufficient  adepts  in  its  use  to  adl  as  interpreters  when 
the  issue  of  the  war  with  the  formidable  Pequots 
opened  the  way  for  the  settlement  of  New  Haven. 

The  authentic  history  of  New  Haven  begins  with 
this  war,  which  was  not  an  outbreak  of  savage  rage, 
but  was  designed  by  the  natives  to  be  a  war  of  exter- 


mination.  The  gradual  encroachment  of  colonists 
first  at  Plymouth  and  then  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  had 
within  the  year  been  brought  home  to  them  by  the 
settlement  of  Windsor,  Hartford  and  Wethersfield, 
and  more  than  all  by  the  eredlion  of  a  fort  at  Say- 
brook.  The  new  comers  had  almost  nothing  in  com- 
mon with  themselves.  In  their  speech,  their  dress, 
their  habits  and  their  mode  of  living  there  was  noth- 
ing in  common.  The  Indian  view  of  the  matter, 
many  years  later,  was  thus  expressed  in  response  to 
an  offer  from  one  of  the  colonies,  to  educate  some  of 
the  Indian  youth  :  "  Several  of  our  young  people  were 
formerly  brought  up  in  the  Northern  provinces  ;  they 
were  instructed  in  all  your  sciences,  but  when  they 
came  back  to  us  they  were  bad  runners,  ignorant  of 
every  means  of  living  in  woods,  unable  to  bear  either 
cold  or  hunger,  knew  neither  how  to  build  a  cabin, 
take  a  deer  or  kill  an  enemy,  spoke  our  language 
imperfeftly,  and  were  therefore  neither  fit  for  hunters, 
warriors  nor  counsellors.  They  were  totally  good 
for  nothing." 

On  the  part  of  the  English,  the  war  was  waged 
not  for  purposes  of  chastisement,  but  for  the  utter 
destrudlion  of  the  warlike  tribe.  Driven  from  their 
burning  fort,  and  abandoning  their  dead,  the  Indians 
forced  their  panic  stricken  way  for  more  than  sev- 
enty   miles    throiigh   narrow  paths  known  only    to 


themselves,  fording  rivers  and  streams  and  crossing 
treacherous  morasses,  till  they  found  a  temporary- 
refuge  in  a  swamp  in  Fairfield.  The  vidlorious  Eng- 
lish pursued  the  fleeing  enemy,  stopping  long 
enough  at  Guilford  to  decapitate  one  or  more  of  the 
captured  sachems,  then  pressed  on  to  New  Haven 
where  a  few  more  of  the  Pequots  were  killed.  The 
war  ceased  when  that  Fairfield  swamp  witnessed  the 
extindlion  of  the  Pequots  as  a  power  seriously  to  be 
dreaded.  Among  those  who  were  conspicuous  in  the 
war  with  the  Pequots  were  Captain  Nathaniel  Turner, 
soon  afterwards  the  first  military  commander,  and 
Lieutenant  Robert  Seeley,  the  first  marshal  of  New 
Haven.  Doubtless  there  were  many  in  the  com- 
mand who  made  known  on  their  return  to  Connedl- 
icut  and  Massachusetts,  the  attracflions  for  settle- 
ment presented  by  the  country  through  which  their 
weary  march  had  led  them.  Soon  after  the  close  of 
the  war,  as  the  Indian  tribes  of  Stratford  and  Fair- 
field had  taken  part  with  the  Pequots,  these  towns 
were  settled  from  Connedlicut  as  being  conquered 
territory,  and  were  from  the  first  a  part  of  that  colony, 
while  the  lands  of  Milford,  New  Haven,  Branford, 
Guilford  and  Greenwich  were  acquired  either  bj^  gift 
or  purchase.  Neither  Momaugin  nor  Ansantawa 
nor  the  other  sachems  of  the  New  Haven  settlements 
took  any  part  in  the  war. 


Previous  to  the  purchase  of  New  Haven  from  the 
Quinnipiac  sachem,  Governor  Eaton  had  visited  the 
place  and  noted  its  fitness  for  the  commercial  com- 
munity it  was  intended  to  found,  as  well  as  the  nat- 
ural features  of  the  country,  as  furnishing  facilities 
for  defense  against  Indian  hostilities.  Tradition 
says  that  Oyster  Point  was  originally  seledled  as  the 
town  site,  having  a  large  water  front  easily  de- 
fended. The  absence  of  springs  and  the  necessity 
for  digging  deep  wells  led  to  the  abandonment  of 
this  projedl  and  to  the  selecftion  of  the  present  site. 
Two  small  streams  known  then  as  the  East  and  West 
Creeks,  nearly  at  right  angles  to  each  other,  the  first 
following  the  line  of  the  Northampton  railroad  and 
the  other  parallel  with  George  street  were  seledled  as 
the  base  lines  of  the  streets  whose  regularity  adds  so 
much  to  the  beauty  of  our  city. 

The  winter  of  1637-8  was  a  bitterly  cold  one. 
Through  those  dreary  months,  six  men,  under  the 
diredlion  of  Joshua  Atwater,  did  what  they  could  to 
prepare  the  way  for  the  coming  colonists.  Some 
tents  were  probably  brought  with  them.  The  bark 
wigwams  of  the  Indians  may  have  been  suggestive. 
Excavations  in  the  high  banks  of  the  West  Creek, 
roughly  covered  with  sod,  were  doubtless  the  cellars 
to  which  such  frequent  reference  is  made  in  our 
earlier  records.     Edward  Wigglesworth,  a  native  of 


Hedon  in  Yorkshire,  whose  memorial  stone,  marked 
"  E.  W."  in  the  rear  of  the  Center  Church,  is  some- 
times mistaken  for  that  of  Edward  Whalley  the  regi- 
cide, had  this  experience  as  recorded  by  his  son : 
"  We  dwelt  in  a  cellar  partly  under  ground  covered 
with  earth,  the  first  winter.  I  remember  that  one 
great  rain  broke  in  upon  us  and  drenched  me  so  in 
my  bed,  being  asleep,  that  I  fell  sick  upon  it." 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1638,  a  small  vessel  rounded 
what  we  know  as  Lighthouse  Point,  and  entered  into 
our  harbor  between  shallow  shores  lined  on  the 
right  nearly  to  the  water's  edge  with  massive  oaks, 
and  with  savins    and  other   evergreens    on    its    left. 

The  two  rocky  eminences,  which  had  given  to  the 
place  the  Dutch  name  of  Rodenburg,  were  as  con- 
spicuous then  as  they  are  to-day.  The  plain  itself 
was  partly  hidden  by  forest  trees  and  partly  by 
shrub  oaks,  the  latter  indicating  the  sites  of  aban- 
doned Indian  planting  grounds.  As  the  emigrants 
looked  over  the  future  home  of  themselves  and  their 
posterity  they  must  have  felt  how  uncertain  that 
future  was.  Theirs  was  to  be  no  temporary  occu- 
pancy. They  had  left  their  ancestral  homes  forever. 
They  had  burned  their  bridges  behind  them.  For 
better  or  worse  they  had  come  to  stay.  A  new  life 
was  before  them,  but  a  life  shrouded  in  uncertainties. 


The  leaders  of  the  compan}'  as  they  looked  over  the 
landscape  must  have  exulted  in  the  thought  that 
here  at  last  was  the  spot  where  away  from  star  cham- 
bers and  privy  councils,  from  cathedral  pomp  and 
lordly  bishops,  the  kingdom  of  God  on  earth,  was 
anew  to  be  set  up,  and  the  gospel  in  its  simplicity  to 
be  proclaimed  to  a  chosen  people. 

Others  on  whom  rested  the  more  mundane  convic- 
tion that  there  was  a  life  here  to  be  considered  as  well 
as  a  life  to  come,  must  have  looked  with  curious  eyes 
for  the  indication  of  whatever  seemed  encouraging  in 
the  way  of  their  various  industries  ;  the  farmers  as 
to  the  apparent  quality  of  the  land ;  the  tanners  as 
to  the  abundance  of  astringent  barks ;  those  who 
followed  the  sea  to  the  presence  of  shoals,  the  height 
of  the  tides,  the  depth  of  water  and  the  safety  of  the 
haven  as  against  the  storms  of  the  New  England 
coast. 

A  few  of  military  training,  who  might  have  seen 
service  in  the  Low  Countries  or  under  Gustavus 
Adolphus  of  Sweden,  would  naturally  look  for  its 
fitness  for  defense  against  the  wiles  of  savage  ene- 
mies. The  wives,  the  mothers  and  the  children  may 
have  thought  more  of  the  privations  awaiting  them 
in  their  new  home,  and  of  the  possibility  of  the  toma- 
hawk and  the  scalping  knife. 


Tradition  says  that  although  the  colonists  entered 
the  harbor  on  Friday,  such  was  the  reludlance,  not 
wholly  unknown  in  our  own  time,  to  begin  an 
enterprise  of  importance  on  a  day  associated  with 
the  crucifixion  of  our  Savior,  that  the  landing  was 
deferred  till  the  next  day.  That  Saturday  must 
have  been  to  them  a  busy  one.  Removing  their 
household  efiFe<5ls  from  the  ship,  making  necessar}'- 
provision  of  fuel,  food,  water  and  bedding  could  have 
left  them  little  leisure  before  the  setting  sun  indi- 
cated the  approach  of  the  day  of  sacred  rest.  The 
first  observance  of  a  Christian  Sunday  in  New  Haven 
would  naturally  be  marked  with  the  hushed  solem- 
nity of  the  Puritan's  Sabbath.  Unfortunately  few 
details  have  come  down  to  us  of  this  day's  doings 
except  that  the  Rev.  John  Davenport,  late  vicar  of  St. 
Stephen's  in  Coleman  st.,  London,  preached  under  a 
great  oak  tree,  at  the  comer  of  George  and  College 
streets,  on  the  temptations  of  the  wilderness. 

Ten  years  later,  when  the  unfortunate  ship  in 
which  so  much  of  the  wealth  and  so  many  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  New  Haven  met  their  unknown  fate, 
possibly  the  greatest  loss  to  posterity  was  the  loss  of 
the  sermons  and  other  manuscripts  of  the  preacher 
then  on  their  way  for  publication  in  London. 

No  record  whatever  exists  of  what  was  done  by  the 
colonists    for   more  than  a  year  after  their   arrival. 


except  the  record  of  a  formal  agreement  with  Momau- 
gin,  sachem  of  the  Quinnipiacs  for  the  surrender  of 
his  land,  made  in  November,  1638,  and  with  Monto- 
wese,  another  sachem,  in  December  of  the  same  year 
extending  the  New  Haven  territory  about  ten  miles 
north  of  the  Momaugin  grant,  and  eight  tniles  easterly 
and  five  miles  westerly  from  the  Ouinnipiac  River.  To 
the  latter  conveyance  is  appended  the  renunciation  of 
three  men,  apparently  Indian  traders,  named  Robert 
Cogswell,  Roger  Knap,  and  James  Love,  of  all  right 
and  title  to  any  part  of  the  land  ceded  by  Montowese. 
The  consideration  to  Momaugin  for  the  surrender 
of  his  land  is  thus  expressed  in  the  conveyance : 
"  Remembering  and  acknowledging  the  heavy  taxes 
and  eminent  dangers  which  they  lately  felt  and  feared 
from  the  Pequots,  Mohawks  and  other  Indians,  in 
regard  of  which  they  durst  not  stay  in  their  country, 
but  were  forced  to  fly  and  to  seek  shelter  under  the 
English  at  Connedlicut,  and  observing  the  safety  and 
ease  that  other  Indians  enjoy  near  the  English,  of 
which  benefit  they  have  had  a  comfortable  taste 
already  since  the  English  began  to  plant  and  build 
at  Quinnipiac,  which  with  all  thankfullness  they  now 
acknowledge,  they  freely  give  up  all  right,  title  and 
interest  to  all  their  lands,  only  desiring  to  receive 
from  the  English  planters  such  a  portion  of  ground 
as  might  be  sufficient  for  them  to  plant  in." 


The  twelve  coats  of  English  trucking  cloth,  the 
alchemy  spoons,  the  hatchets  and  hoes  and  knives,  the 
porringers,  scissors,  etc.,  they  received  from  the 
Bnglish  planters  were  no  part  of  the  purchase  money, 
but  are  distindlly  stated  as  given  of  their  own  accord, 
and  as  is  expressed,  "  by  way  of  free  and  thankful  retri- 
bution." The  grant  of  Montowese  is  likewise  declared 
to  be  a  free  gift,  and  eleven  coats  of  trucking  cloth, 
and  one  coat  for  himself,  made  after  the  English 
manner,  are  mentioned  as  being  also  given  by  way  of 
thankful  retribution.  Nothing  appears  to  show  that 
Montowese  put  on  special  airs  from  being  the  solitary 
Indian  who  could  boast  of  an  English  made  garment, 
nor  the  fadl  that  fewer  porringers  and  spoons  and  hoes 
and  hatchets  had  been  given  him  lay  heavily  on  his 
mind.  A  possible  explanation  of  this  restridled  liber- 
ality may  be  found  in  an  implication  in  the  subse- 
quent controversy  between  ConneAicut  and  New 
Haven,  that  Montowese  had  given  away  land  which 
did  not  belong  to  him.  With  the  exception  of  these 
grants,  the  recorded  history  of  New  Haven  begins 
more  than  a  year  after  its  settlement. 

The  intervening  months  must  have  been  fully 
occupied  in  eredling  dwellings,  clearing  land,  planting 
and  harvesting  crops  and  providing  for  the  many 
necessities  of  a  new  plantation. 


The  fourth  day  of  June,  1639,  '^^"^.s  a  memorable  day 
for  New  Haven.  The  entire  male  population  left  their 
several  occupations  and  wended  their  way  towards 
"  a  mighty  barn  "  on  the  home  lot  of  Robert  Newman, 
the  lot  upon  which  we  are  now  assembled,  full  of  dis- 
course in  respedl  to  the  momentous  question  they 
were  about  to  decide,  the  question  whether  the  fran- 
chises of  freemen  should  be  limited  to  those  who  were 
in  church  fellowship  or  should  be  common  to  all  free 
planters. 

Limitations  upou  political  suffrage  are  common 
in  all  governments.  Moral  charadler,  the  possession 
of  property,  length  of  residence,  educational  fitness 
are  among  these  restrictions.  What  the  restridlions 
should  be  under  the  circumstances  in  which  the  New 
Haven  colonists  were  placed  was  the  question  they 
met  to  decide.  Familiar  as  we  now  are  with  the 
routine  of  constitution-making,  it  was  to  our  fore- 
fathers almost  an  unknown  art.  But  scarce  any- 
where in  the  entire  history  of  the  organization  of 
states,  is  there  a  more  conspicuous  instance  of  calm 
deliberation,  of  perfect  fairness  and  of  a  lofty  sense  of 
responsibility  to  posterity  than  was  witnessed  on  this 
spot  two  centuries  and  a  half  ago.  After  solemn 
prayer  for  guidance,  and  a  proper  provision  for  re- 
cording the  entire  transadlion,  Mr.  John  Davenport 
propounded,  in  the  language  of  the  record,  "  divers 


queries  to  them  publicly,  praying  tliem  to  consider 
seriously  in  the  presence  and  fear  of  God  the  weight 
of  the  business  they  met  about,  and  not  to  be  rash  or 
slight  in  giving  their  votes  to  things  they  understood 
not,  but  to  digest  fully  and  thoroughly  what  should  be 
propounded  to  them  and  without  respedl  to  men,  as 
they  should  be  satisfied  and  persuaded  in  their  own 
minds,  to  give  their  answers  in  such  sort,  as  they 
would  be  willing  they  should  stand  upon  record  for 
posterity." 

Five  written  questions  prepared  by  Mr.  Davenport 
were  successively  presented  by  him,  to  each  of  which 
unanimous  assent  was  given  by  the  uplifted  hand; 
then,  when  recorded  by  the  secretary  they  were  read 
a  second  time,  and  a  second  time  unanimously 
approved. 

The  first  question  was  whether  the  Scriptures  hold 
forth  a  perfect  rule  of  do6lrine  and  duty,  equally 
obligatory  as  a  rule  for  civil  government  as  for  the 
government  of  the  church.  The  second  question  was 
whether  the  entire  body  of  planters  there  assembled  felt 
themselves  bound  by  the  plantation  covenant  they  had 
made  immediately  after  their  landing,  that  in  all  things 
pertaining  to  the  gathering  of  a  church  and  to  the 
choice  of  magistrates  and  ofiicers,  thej'  would  all  be 
ordered  by  those  rules  which  the  Scriptures  hold  forth. 


The  third  question,  or  rather  request,  was  that  all  who 
wished  to  become  free  planters  and  proposed  to  seek 
admission  to  the  church  so  soon  as  God  shall  fit  them 
thereto,  should  hold  up  their  hands  twice,  which  was 
done.  The  fourth  query  was  whether  they  held 
themselves  bound  to  establish  such  civil  order  as 
might  best  secure  the  purity  and  peace  of  the  church. 
Before  this  question  was  put  to  vote,  "  Mr.  Davenport 
declared  unto  them,  by  the  Scriptures,  what  kind  of 
persons  might  best  be  trusted  with  matters  of  govern- 
ment, seeing  that  they  were  free  to  cast  themselves 
into  that  mould  and  form  •  of  commonwealth,  which 
appeared  the  best  for  them  in  reference  to  securing 
of  the  pure  and  peaceful  enjoyment  of  all  Christ's  ordi- 
nances in  the  church."  He  then  sat  down  evidently 
expelling  some  expression  of  dissent,  and  praying  the 
company  freely  to  consider  whether  they  would  have 
it  voted  at  this  time  or  not.  After  some  space  of 
silence  and  none  opposing,  it  was  voted. 

The  fifth  question  being  in  substance  whether  none 
but  those  in  church  fellowship  shall  become  free 
burgesses  and  be  entrusted  with  the  power  of  choosing 
magistrates  and  officers,  making  and  repealing  laws, 
etc.,  was  agreed  to,  no  one  openly  objedling.  After 
these  votes  had  been  taken  and  recorded,  one  man, 
probably  Rev.  Samuel  Eaton  who  had  been  impris- 
oned in  London  for  non-conformity,  objedled,  "  that 

36 


free  planters  ought  not  to  give  this  power  out  of  their 
hands,  but  resume  it  if  things  were  not  properly 
managed."  After  declining  to  give  his  reasons  for 
his  dissent,  as  he  had  allowed  the  vote  to  pass  with- 
out objedlion,  it  was  put  to  vote  a  second  time  and 
passed  as  unanimously  as  at  first. 

At  the  same  meeting,  twelve  of  the  leading  men 
were  chosen,  from  whom  seven  were  sele6led  as  the 
foundation  of  the  church  organization.  These  seven 
constituted  the  entire  government  of  the  plantation 
for  the  next  four  months. 

The  court  thus  established  met  for  the  first  time 
late  in  06lober,  when  all  former  power  or  trust  for 
managing  public  affairs  was  abrogated.  Nine  others, 
who  in  the  inter^-al  had  been  received  into  the  church 
and  added  to  the  original  seven,  proceeded  to  the  elec- 
tion of  their  magistrates  and  other  officers.  It  was 
further  reaffirmed  at  this  court  that  the  word  of  God 
shall  be  the  onl}'  rule  to  be  attended  unto  in  ordering 
the  affairs  of  government  in  this  plantation.  In 
organizing  the  ci\dl  state,  nothing  was  said  about  the 
rights  of  free  bom  Englishmen,  nothing  about  Magna 
Charta.  No  reference  whatever  was  made  to  the  com- 
mon law,  the  canon  law,  nor  to  the  enadlments  of 
English  statute  law.  Entire  libraries  of  precedents 
were    thrown    overboard,    and   the   one   all-sufficient 


substitute  for  the  accumulated  political  and  legal 
learning  of  centuries  was  iiencefortti  in  New  Haven  to 
be  found  in  a  black  letter  volume  as  ordinarily  printed, 
about  nine  inches  long,  seven  inches  broad  and  two 
and  a  half  inches  thick,  commonly  known  as  the 
Geneva  Bible.  In  the  midst  of  its  ornamented  title 
page,  were  engraved  these  words  from  the  book  of 
Joshua,  "  This  book  of  the  law  shall  not  depart  out  of 
thy  mouth,  but  thou  shalt  meditate  therein  day  and 
night,  that  thou  mayest  observe  to  do  according  to  all 
that  is  written  therein,  for  then  thou  shalt  make  thy 
way  prosperous,  and  then  thou  shalt  have  good 
success." 

So  significant  are  the  accompanying  verses  of  the 
same  chapter  that,  omitting  their  primary  reference  to 
another  people,  they  may  be  read  as  singularly  ex- 
pressive of  the  trust  and  hopes  of  our  forefathers  : 
"  Now  therefore  arise,  go  over  this  Jordan,  thou  and 
all  this  people  unto  the  land  which  I  do  give  to  them. 
Every  place  that  the  sole  of  your  foot  shall  tread  up- 
on, that  have  I  given  unto  you  from  the  wilderness ; 
even  unto  the  great  river  and  unto  the  great  sea 
toward  the  going  down  of  the  sun  shall  be  your  coast. 
There  shall  not  any  man  be  able  to  stand  before  thee 
all  the  days  of  thy  life.  As  I  was  with  Moses,  so  I 
will  be  with  thee,  I  will  not  fail  thee  nor  forsake  thee. 
Be    strong   and   of  a    good    courage,    for    unto    this 

38 


people  shalt  thou  divide  for  an  inheritance,  the  land 
which  I  sware  unto  their  fathers  to  give  them.  Only 
be  thou  strong  and  very  courageous,  that  thou  mayest 
observe  to  do  according  to  all  the  law,  which  Moses 
thy  servant  commanded  thee.  Tvirn  not  from  it  to 
the  right  hand,  nor  to  the  left  that  thou  mayst  pros- 
per whithersoever  thou  goest.  Have  not  I  commanded 
thee  ?  Be  strong  and  of  a  good  courage,  be  not  afraid 
neither  be  thou  dismayed,  for  the  Lord  thy  God  is 
with  thee  whithersoever  thou  goest." 

The  broad  ocean  was  the  Jordan  of  our  fathers,  this 
wilderness  was  their  Canaan  and  these  promises  were 
made  to  them  as  a  chosen  people. 

Whether  their  solemn  covenants  and  agreements 
were  to  prove  a  mere  paper  constitution  or  whether 
the  magistrates  were  prepared  to  exercise  the  highest 
fundtions  of  government  was  immediately  put  to  the 
test.  The  day  next  succeeding  the  first  meeting  of 
the  court,  an  Indian,  with  a  deer's  head  hung  over  his 
shoulder  was  arrested,  charged  with  the  murder  of 
Abraham  Finch  on  Connecfticut  River.  The  next  day 
he  nearly  escaped.  A  third  day  was  devoted  to  the 
testimony  of  witnesses.  The  fourth  day  he  was  found 
guilty  as  accessory  to  several  murders.  What  should 
be  done  with  him  must  have  led  to  much  deliberation 
and  some  serious  doubts.     To  take  the  life  of  a  human 


being  was  to  exercise  the  highest  authority  known  to 
human  law.  But  New  Haven,  in  the  eye  of  English 
law  was  nothing  more  than  a  community  of  squatters. 
It  had  no  legal  existence  whatever,  and  to  execute 
their  prisoner  might  be  regarded  as  murder,  aggre- 
vated  by  the  treason  implied  in  such  an  exercise  of 
judicial  authority.  The  necessities  of  the  case,  the 
law  of  England  itself,  and  the  Mosaic  law  equally 
decided  that  "  whoso  sheddeth  man's  blood,  by  man 
shall  his  blood  be  shed." 

The  next  day,  the  head  of  the  murderer  was  placed 
on  a  log  and  cut  off  by  Robert  Seeley  the  marshal, 
and  then  erected  on  a  pole  in  the  green.  This  in 
brief  is  the  story  of  the  way  in  which  government  in 
New  Haven  was  inaugurated. 

Its  colonial  life  for  the  next  quarter  of  a  century, 
enlarged  as  the  original  settlement  was,  by  the  succes- 
sive addition -of  Milford,  Branford,  Guilford,  Southold 
on  Long  Island  and  Stamford  to  its  confederacy,  can- 
not here  be  told.  It  was  largely  a  history  of  disappoint- 
ments. The  diminished  supply  of  skins  and  furs,  the 
comparative  poverty  of  its  soil,  its  lessening  trade, 
the  loss  of  its  great  ship  with  its  burden  of  wealth  and 
worth,  its  danger  incurred  from  heroic  fidelity  to  the 
outlawed  regicides,  internal  dissensions,  the  treachery 
or    half-heartedness    of    friends,    the    malignity    of 


enemies  and  the  final  collapse  of  their  scheme  of 
government  so  dear  to  them,  through  its  enforced 
union  with  Connecticut,  seemed  at  the  time  to  justify 
the  bitter  complaint  of  Davenport  that  "  Christ's  in- 
terest in  New  Haven  Colony  was  miserably  lost." 

Call  back  for  a  moment  from  the  shadowy  past,  that 
disheartened  old  man.  Most  of  his  earl}?^  associates 
are  gone,  Eaton  in  his  grave.  His  fellow  laborer 
Hook,  at  rest  in  that  London  sepulcher  of  dissent  in 
Bunhill  Fields  ;  Goodyear's  body  buried  in  England, 
no  one  knows  where  ;  the  bones  of  some  of  the  best  and 
bravest  of  the  first  colonists  lying  in  the  ocean's  depth 
among  the  wreckage  of  that  phantom  ship  whose  fate 
time  has  failed  to  reveal ;  and  what  is  left  to  crown 
the  end  of  that  heroic  life  but  the  sorrowful  lament 
that  all  is  lost  but  truth.  His  work  in  New  Haven 
was  done  and  he  had  done  with  New  Haven.  As  he 
prepares  to  turn  his  back  upon  the  colony  for  which 
he  had  adventured  so  much,  what  a  record  his  life 
must  have  seemed  to  him.  His  boyish  remembrance 
of  the  powder  plot,  his  school  days  at  Coventry  where 
dissent  was  strong,  his  university  life  with  its  more 
than  earnest  contentions,  his  early  clerical  days,  his 
persecution  for  non-conformity,  his  fugitive  life  in 
Holland,  the  elation  of  the  days  of  the  commonwealth 
buried  in  the  grave  of  Cromwell ;  his  ideal  American 
life  at  an  end,  with  a  profligate  king  on  the  throne 


with  Nell  Gwynne  behind  it ;    what  a  record  at  the 
end  of  seventy  years  to  look  back  npon. 

But  the  New  Haven  of  Davenport's  day  is  not  the 
New  Haven  of  1893.  Imagine  this  despondent  patri- 
arch passing  down  our  streets  from  this  center  of  his 
aspirations  for  a  new  heaven  and  a  new  earth,  and 
told  that  on  this  home  lot  of  Robert  Newman  was  the 
home  of  a  man  whose  di(?tiouary  of  the  English  lan- 
guage is  known  the  world  over  to  all  who  read  or 
speak  the  English  tongue ;  that  on  the  home  lot  of 
Ezekiel  Cheever,  the  first  school  master  of  New  Haven, 
was  the  home  of  one  of  his  eminent  successors  in 
the  First  Church  of  New  Haven,  the  very  type  and 
embodiment  of  a  courage  and  fidelity  to  duty  akin  to 
his  own,  superadded  to  a  broad  catholicity  which  two 
centuries  of  Puritanism  had  developed  ;  finding  on  the 
home  lot  of  Gov.  Eaton,  the  dwelling  of  an  inventor, 
the  product  of  whose  genius  in  contribiiting  to  the 
clothing  of  the  world  is  seen  in  countries  most  civi- 
lized and  lands  most  barbarous  ;  catching  a  glimpse  of 
that  marvelous  medium  of  travel  and  traffic,  pulsating 
its  rush  to  distant  cities  in  fewer  hours  than  once 
exhausted  days  in  accomplishing ;  bewildered  by  the 
assurance  that  through  the  complication  of  wires  above 
his  head,  messages  are  sent  to  the  remotest  parts 
of  the  civilized  world  in  less  time  than  it  takes  to 
write  an    ordinary  letter ;   confused  by   the  sight   of 


cars  in  rapid  motion,  apparently  with  nothing  to  draw 
them ;  then  crossing  the  green  with  its  array  of 
churches  very  unlike  that  unpainted  tvirreted  building, 
fifty  feet  square,  the  scene  of  his  own  ministry,  possi- 
bly with  a  pang  at  the  sight  of  Gothic  windows 
suggesting  that  the  prelacy  from  which  he  had  fled 
away  might  have  made  a  lodgment  here,  and  entering 
the  edifice  standing  at  the  center  of  the  town  plot, 
and  taking  up  one  of  its  books  of  sacred  song,  reads 
in  its  index  the  names  of  those  whose  verse  are 
thought  best  to  express  christian  sentiment,  and 
finds  there  the  names  of  cardinals  of  the  Church  of 
Rome,  bishops  of  the  Anglican  church,  Presbyterians, 
Baptists,  Quakers,  together  with  the  names  of  many 
communions  of  which  he  had  never  heard ;  leaving 
the  edifice  in  mute  wonder  and  passing  up  to  that  row 
of  buildings,  more  than  covering  with  their  frontage 
the  entire  square,  and  learning  that  they  are  the 
strudlures  of  a  great  university,  bearing  the  name  of  a 
little  boy  of  ten  or  twelve  years  old,  whom  he  remem- 
bers, the  grandson  of  the  contentious  wife  of  the  gov- 
ernor, and  turning  in  utter  confusion  towards  the 
place  he  had  left,  casts  his  eye  over  the  buildings  of 
the  scientific  school  of  the  university,  and  finds  that 
they  are  devoted  not  to  critical  and  physical  studies 
that  constituted  the  university  life  of  his  day  but  to 
instrudlion  in  eledlricity,  biology,  kinematics,  thermo- 
dynamics, histology  and  a  multitude  of  other  sciences 


43 


of  whose  names  even  he  is  ignorant.  Puzzled,  con- 
founded and  awestruck,  he  turns  toward  this  beau- 
tiful hall,  and  finds  his  amazement  completed  when 
assured  that  the  graceful  strudlure  a  little  distance 
before  him  is  a  church  of  the  Romish  faith,  whose 
ministry  is  of  the  order  of  St.  Dominic,  and  that 
priests  who  revere  the  memory  of  Ignatius  Loyola 
elevate  the  host  and  pray  in  an  unknown  tongue 
within  hearing  distance  of  the  place  where  the  Puri- 
tans of  New  Haven  organized  their  theocratic  state. 

Would  it  be  strange  if  this  representative  of  a 
remote  generation,  should  beg  to  be  taken  back  from 
a  life  he  cannot  understand  to  the  quiet  of  his  Boston 
grave. 

It  is  a  trite  reflec^tion,  humiliating  enough  to  dogma- 
tists of  all  kinds  that  the  wisdom  of  one  generation  is 
often  the  folly  of  the  next,  and  that  opinions  current 
in  one  epoch  are  either  ridiculed  or  forgotten  in 
another. 

Yet  that  which  constitutes  the  essential  life  of  a 
people  abides.  Redlitude  and  truth,  fidelity  to  duty, 
unselfish  devotion  to  the  public  welfare,  service 
and  sacrifice  of  all  kinds  belong  to  every  age.  In  a 
contrast   of  this    nature,    posterity    can  judge   more 


^visely  than  we,  whether  the  days  in  which  we  live  are 
better  than  the  days  of  those  who  have  gone  before  us. 

The  25th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  2138,  mil  be  a  memor- 
able day  in  New  Haven.  Five  hundred  years  of  the 
life  of  this  community  will  then  have  passed  away. 
No  human  wisdom  can  foresee  what  that  day  will  wit- 
ness. Controverted  opinions  settled,  intelledlual  and 
moral  culture  assuming  new  forms,  fresh  discoveries 
made  of  the  relations  of  the  forces  of  nature  may  show 
that  the  men  of  to-day  were  as  little  capable  of  com- 
prehending this  future  progress  as  the  men  of  1638 
could  comprehend  what  we  now  see  to  have  been 
accomplished. 

As  this  society  then  meets,  it  may  be  hoped  in  this 
building,  not  indeed  in  the  beauty  of  its  youth,  but 
venerable  in  years,  its  time-worn  walls  hidden  in  liv- 
ing green,  and  looks  around  this  hall  adorned  it  may 
be  with  the  portraiture  or  other  memorials  of  some 
who  are  present  here  to-night,  and  reads  on  that  once 
polished  tablet,  then  dimmed  indeed  but  not  effaced : 
In  commemoration  of  James  Edward  English  and 
OF  HIS  WIFE,  Caroline  Augusta  English,  by  their 
SON  Henry  Fowler  English,  and  should  some  one 
ask,  why  this  beautiful  building  was  eredled,  it  might 
be  a  sufiEcient  answer  to  say,  that  a  son  had  thought 
that  in  this  way  he  might  unite  the  reverence  due  to 


the  memory  of  his  parents  with  a  noble  contribution 
to  a  public  objedl.  But  New  Haven,  Connedlicut,  and 
the  United  States  also  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the 
memory  of  Gov.  English  which  it  would  dishonor  us 
not  to  discharge. 

The  name  of  English  is  identified  with  the  first 
settlement  of  New  England.  Thomas  English  is 
recorded  as  as  one  of  the  company  who  signed  the 
covenant  made  in  the  cabin  of  the  Mayflower.  What 
his  connedlion  was  with  those  of  the  name  found  in  the 
list  of  the  settlers  of  Salem,  is  unknown.  The  readers 
of  Whittier's  poems,  may  recall  the  lines,  in  which  the 
atrocities  of  the  witchcraft  delusion  are  portrayed  in 
the  case  of  Philip  English,  the  wealthiest  inhabitant 
of  Salem.  The  imperfedl  records  of  the  town  leave  it 
uncertain  whether  he  was  akin  to  Clement  English, 
also  of  Salem,  one  of  whose  sons,  Benjamin  English 
made  his  home  in  New  Haven.  The  circumstance 
that  brought  him  here  was  probably  connedled  with 
his  marriage  with  Rebecca  Brown,  a  grandchild  of  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  this  colony.  His  son,  Benja- 
min, was  the  father  of  that  Benjamin  English,  who 
was  murdered  by  a  British  soldier  when  New  Haven 
was  temporarily  held  by  General  Tryon  during  the 
War  of  the  Revolution.  His  grandson,  James  English, 
the  father  of  the  Governor,  was  a  master  mechanic, 
much  respedled  for  his    integrity  and   public  spirit. 


His  mother,  Nancy  Griswold,  of  a  family  whicli  has 
given  two  governors  to  Conne6licut,  was  noted  for  her 
singular  sagacity.  Of  their  nine  children,  James,  the 
fourth,  was  bom  March  13,  1S12. 

There  seems  to  have  been  nothing  precocious  about 
him  in  his  boyhood.  No  stories  are  related  by  his  con- 
temporaries of  anything  indicative  of  the  career  he 
was  to  run.  He  seems  to  have  been  an  obedient 
child,  good-natured,  averse  to  contention  and  likely 
to  grow  up  a  respected  and  useful  citizen  and  nothing 
more.  His  early  experience  of  life  was  not  one  calcu- 
lated to  awaken  roseate  anticipations  of  the  future. 
At  the  early  age  of  11  years,  listening  to  an  inquiry 
where  a  good  boy  could  be  found  to  drive  the  cows  and 
do  the  small  chores  of  a  Bethlehem  farm,  he  succeeded 
in  persuading  his  parents  reludlantly  to  yield  to  his 
importunity,  and  permit  him  to  make  trial  of  a 
farmer's  life.  In  this  way  Mr.  English  began  his  first 
essay  in  the  task  in  which  he  was  afterwards  so 
successful,  of  taking  care  of  himself.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen,  after  two  years  spent  in  school,  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  Mr.  Atwater  Treat,  a  man  universally  re- 
spedled  by  all  who  knew  him,  to  learn  the  trade  of  a 
carpenter  and  joiner,  with  whom  he  remained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-one.  Some  indications  were  apparent 
during  these  years  that  there  was  the  making  of  more 
than  an  ordinary  man  in  young  English.     There  were 


few  other  apprentices  in  New  Haven  so  much  held  up 
as  a  model  of  what  young  men  should  be.  Skillful  in 
his  trade,  correal  in  all  his  habits,  studious  in  lines 
connedled  with  his  business,  and  especially  so  in  mak- 
ing architedlural  plans  and  designs,  he  spent  no  time 
as  a  journeyman,  but  became  at  once  a  contractor  and 
builder.  At  that  time  New  Haven  was  a  town  mainly 
of  wooden  dwellings,  plain  in  construAion  and 
unomamented  in  detail.  The  large  house  at  the 
south-east  corner  of  Wooster  Square,  designed  and 
built  by  him,  was  the  first  departure  in  wooden  dwell- 
ings from  the  stereotyped  pattern  of  single  or  double 
houses  that  are  now  being  superseded  by  multitudes 
of  tasteful  residences  which  seem  to  have  nearly 
exhausted  the  resources  of  the  architect's  skill.  With 
no  other  ambition  than  that  of  doing  well  whatever  he 
did,  he  exchanged  his  business  of  a  builder  in  a  few 
years  for  local  trade. 

The  lumber  firm  of  English  &  Welch,  composed  of 
himself  and  the  late  Harmanus  M.  Welch,  after- 
wards state  senator,  mayor  of  New  Haven  and  presi- 
dent of  the  First  National  Bank,  soon  acquired  a 
deserved  reputation  for  enterprise  and  integrity. 
Their  subsequent  participation  in  the  purchase  of  an 
embarrassed  corporation  employed  in  the  manufacflure 
of  clocks  and  their  success  in  developing  what  soon 
became  the  largest  fa6lory  of  the  kind  in  the  world 


established  their  claim  to  a  wide  and  general  public 
confidence. 

It  is  a  pleasant  refledlion  that  this  edifice  and  the 
hall  on  the  college  campus  which  bears  the  name  of 
Welch  are  fitting  tributes  by  their  sons  to  the  memory 
of  English  &  Welch  whose  early  business  life  was  no 
more  promising  than  that  of  many  among  us  who  are 
now  by  sagacity,  integrity  and  thrift,  laying  the 
foundations  of  their  future  fortunes. 

During  these  years  Mr.  English  filled  various 
municipal  offices,  having  gained  the  reputation  among 
his  fellow  citizens  of  being  a  self  reliant  man, 
sound  in  mind,  discriminating  in  judgment,  never 
carried  away  with  novelties,  inflexible  in  his  opinions, 
and  habitually  distrustful  of  theorists,  adventurers 
and  speculators. 

Previous  to  his  entry  into  a  broader  public  life, 
there  was  nothing  to  indicate  any  special  fitness  for 
such  duties.  On  the  contrary  his  early  education  had 
been  limited  ;  he  had  never  been  conspicuous  in  local 
politics,  and  indeed  a  natural  hesitancy  in  his  speech 
would  seem  to  have  incapacitated  him  for  distin6lion 
in  positions  that  ordinarily  call  for  fluency  of  utter- 
ance. His  record  as  a  legislator,  both  in  the  house 
and  in  the  senate  of  Connecticut  was  that  of  a  man 
possessed  of  unusual  financial  ability. 


There  is  no  evidence  either  in  his  youth  or  early 
manhood,  that  Mr.  English  had  any  ambition  beyond 
doing  whatever  he  did,  well,  securing  the  respedl  of  the 
community,  and  attaining  such  local  honors  as  are 
awarded  to  business  men  of  sound  judgment  and  un- 
sullied charadler. 

He  once  said  to  a  friend  that  his  early  ambition  was 
to  make  money  honestly,  then  to  make  safe  what  he 
had  acquired,  but  to  do  both  in  such  a  way  as  never 
to  forfeit  the  respeA  of  his  townsmen.  For  many 
years  his  reputation  had  been  chiefly  a  local  and 
commercial  one.  In  business  circles,  both  at  home 
and  in  places  remote,  his  intelligent  enterprise  Avas 
acknowledged,  but  no  one  anticipated  the  influence  he 
was  soon  to  exert  in  the  decision  of  a  question  upon 
which  was  centered  the  welfare  of  millions  for  ages  to 
come.  The  time  of  his  entrance  into  the  broader 
public  life  at  Washington  was  marked  with  an  inten- 
sity of  political  feeling  unknown  in  the  previous 
history  of  the  republic. 

African  slavery  in  America  was  almost  as  old  as  the 
country  itself.  One  by  one  the  Northern  states  had 
rid  themselves  of  the  institution,  partly  from  a  moral 
sense  of  its  injustice,  partly  from  the  convidlion  among 
thoughtful  men  that  slavery  and  free  institutions 
could  not  permanently  exist  side  by  side  and  largely 


from  tlie    fa6l    that    the  labor  of  African    bondsmen 
was  not  snited  to  the  rigorous  climate  of  the  north. 


'&^ 


Rice,  cotton  and  tobacco,  the  leading  produ6ls  of 
the  Sonth  were  crops  in  the  cultivation  of  which 
the  rudest  industry  returned  bountiful  harvests  which 
had  made  the  South  not  only  rich,  but  had  developed 
a  tone  of  society  more  and  more  alien  to  the  habits 
and  ways  of  thinking  common  in  the  free  states. 

It  had  long  been  foreseen  that  a  confli6l  of  some  kind, 
sooner  or  later,  was  inevitable.  The  ablest  states- 
men in  the  country  honestly  held  confli6ling  opinions 
as  to  the  nature  and  obligations  of  the  compa6l  to 
which  all  had  sworn  allegiance.  Bven  the  most 
learned  divines  widely  diifered  in  their  views  of  the 
moral  nature  of  the  relation  between  master  and  slave. 

This  is  not  an  occasion  on  which  to  review  the 
events  which  led  to  a  frightful  civil  war  but  which 
are  now  making  us  more  and  more  one  homogeneous 
people  with  a  common  pride  under  a  common  flag. 
In  1861  Mr.  English  was  eledled  to  the  37th  Congress. 
His  position  was  an  anomalous  one.  He  was  one  of 
the  few  democratic  members  from  any  of  the  states 
who  were  known  to  be  thorough-going  war  democrats. 
With  him  the  Union  was  to  be  preserved  and  handed 
down  to  posterity  at  any  and  all  sacrifice.  Never, 
even  during  the  darkest  hours  of  the  couflidl,  did  he 


doubt  as  to  its  final  issue.  So  well  was  this  uuder- 
stood  at  Washington,  that  President  Lincoln  said  to  a 
well  known  citizen  of  New  Haven  that  he  relied  with 
absolute  confidence  on  Mr.  English.  No  one  in  Con- 
gress saw  earlier  or  more  clearly  than  he,  that  the 
real  issue  was  the  question  of  slavery.  His  vote  for 
emancipation  in  the  Districft  of  Columbia  was  a  sig- 
nificant indication  of  what  his  fiiture  course  would  be. 

No  four  lines  in  human  language  were  ever  fraught 
with  consequences  so  momentous,  as  these  words  that 
are  to  stand  forever  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States :  "  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude, 
except  as  a  punishment  for  crime  whereof  the  person 
shall  have  been  duly  convidled  shall  exist  within  the 
United  States  or  any  place  subje6l  to  their  jurisdic- 
tion." So  slow  was  even  the  party  of  the  administra- 
tion to  see  that  the  utter  extindlion  of  slavery  was  the 
only  condition  on  which  a  Union  worth  the  saving 
could  be  preserved,  that  at  its  first  introdudlion  the 
member  who  offered  the  amendment  requested  Mr. 
English  not  to  vote  in  its  favor  as  it  was  certain  to  be 
defeated.  At  this  interview  Mr.  English  requested 
that  the  President  be  assured  that  his  vote  might  be 
counted  on  whenever  the  amendment  should  be  pressed. 
Its  final  enadlment  was  not  due  wholly  to  the 
party  of  the  administration.  While  an  overwhelming 
majority  was  in  its  favor  it  needed  the  support  of  a 


few  war  democrats  to  secure  the  two  thirds  vote  neces- 
sary for  its  passage.  When  the  name  of  James  E. 
English  was  called,  his  very  audible  "  yes  "  was  wel- 
comed with  plaudits  from  the  crowded  galleries.  A 
few  daj'^s  after  he  asked  of  a  New  Haven  friend  what 
was  said  of  his  vote  by  his  Connedlicut  friends,  and 
added  that  he  knew  he  was  politically  dead,  but  that 
day  had  been  the  happiest  day  of  his  life. 

In  times  when  so  many,  entrusted  with  legislative 
or  administrative  authority,  find  it  to  be  consistent 
with  their  notions  of  integrity  and  honor  to  unite  their 
personal  interests  with  their  official  adls,  it  is  due  to  the 
memory  of  Gov.  English  to  put  it  on  record  that  his 
entire  salary  as  a  member  of  Congress  was  expended 
in  aiding  soldiers  who  had  become  sick  or  disabled  in 
the  war.  Neither  did  he  avail  himself  of  his  anoma- 
lous position  as  an  uncompromising  war  democrat  to 
profit  by  his  knowledge  of  the  intended  financial  pol- 
icy of  the  government.  Had  he  done  so,  he  might 
quietl)^  and  without  public  scandal  have  made  for  him- 
self a  second  fortune,  but  it  was  with  him  a  matter  of 
self-gratulation  that  he  left  his  ofiicial  service  in 
Washington  none  the  richer  for  having  preferred  the 
public  welfare  to  his  private  interests. 

Had  Mr.  English  followed  the  didlates  of  part}' 
instead  of  the  conclusions  of  his  judgment,  he  would 


at  the  time  liave  escaped  much  abuse,  but  he  would 
never  have  become  the  governor  of  the  State  nor  its 
representative  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States.  His 
vote  on  the  thirteenth  amendment  will  hand  down  his 
name  to  posterity  as  a  sagacious  and  honest  states- 
man, who  with  a  few  party  associates  helped  to  pre- 
serve the  Union,  to  emancipate  more  than  three 
million  of  slaves,  and  prevent  the  possibility  of  a 
servile  war.  The  remoter  consequences  of  his  a<5l  are 
yet  in  the  future.  Generations  to  come  may  see  as  we 
cannot  see  that  the  emancipation  of  the  slave  was  not 
the  whole  end  secured  by  the  policy  of  freedom  ;  that 
the  deliverance  of  the  noblest  men  of  the  South  from 
the  necessity  of  defending  an  institution  at  war  with 
the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  utterly  out  of  harmony  with 
republican  institutions,  was  even  a  more  important 
emancipation  than  that  of  the  enslaved.  We,  at  the 
north  have  our  share,  in  this  progress  to  universal 
freedom.  By  it,  we  have  been  emancipated  from 
servility  to  foreign  opinions  and  have  been  released 
from  the  bondage  of  a  base  subservience  to  criticisms 
which  are  the  outgrowth  of  political  and  social  institu- 
tions hostile  to  our  own. 

In  the  stress  of  what  at  one  time  appeared  to  be  a 
hopeless  struggle  for  the  perpetuity  of  the  Union,  we 
looked  for  expressions  of  sympathy  at  least,  from  that 
great  country,    across    the   water,    to   which   we    are 


indebted  for  the  heritage  of  whatever  is  ennobling  in 
the  history  of  the  strifes  for  free  institutions,  but  we 
looked  in  vain.  With  some  noble  exceptions,  the 
statesmen,  the  scholars,  the  bar,  the  bench,  and  the 
press  viewed  with  an  averted  eye  our  contest  for 
freedom,  and  yielded  up  the  control  of  public  senti- 
ment to  the  ship  builders,  the  cotton  brokers,  and  other 
representatives  of  commercial  interest ;  apparently 
justifying  the  bitter  taunt  of  Napoleon  that  England 
was  a  nation  of  shop-keepers.  Our  truest  friends 
were  found  among  the  Manchester  cotton  weavers  and 
the  other  operatives  in  the  fadtories  of  that  great 
nation. 

Is  it  too  much  to  say  that  the  emancipation  both  of 
the  North  and  South  from  these  hostile  influences  has 
left  a  restored  Union  at  liberty  to  work  out  the  great 
problems  of  republican  freedom? 

The  official  life  of  Governor  English  terminated 
with  the  close  of  his  senatorial  term.  For  the  remain- 
der of  his  days  he  went  in  and  out  among  us  as  a 
man  of  the  people,  full  of  sympathy  with  the  dail}'  life 
of  New  Haven,  bearing  his  full  share  in  whatever 
could  contribute  to  its  financial  or  manufadluring 
prosperity. 

Two  classes  of  minds  have  contributed  to  the  prog- 
ress of  society.     At  one  time,  the  influence  of  specu- 

55 


lative  thought  has  lifted  a  nation's  life  from  sluggish 
inadlivity  into  a  marvellous  intelle(5lual  and  moral 
development.  At  other  times,  pradlical  sagacity  in 
discovering  the  relation  of  material  forces  to  the  wel- 
fare of  man  has  been  the  chief  fadlor  in  the  progress 
of  society. 

Governor  English  belonged  to  the  latter  class. 
While  abstract  thought  and  general  ideas  were  not  a 
conspicuous  part  of  his  mental  furniture,  he  never 
failed  to  appreciate  the  worth  of  that  intelledlual 
culture  which  is  developed  through  scholarly  lines. 
His  noble  donation  to  the  law  library  of  one  of  the 
schools  of  the  university,  his  liberal  gift  to  its  theo- 
logical department,  though  his  associations  were  with 
a  different  communion,  sufficiently  indicate  how  broad 
were  his  sympathies  and  how  free  from  the  narrow- 
ness that  sometimes  charadlerizes  what  are  called  self- 
made  men.  His  donations  to  churches,  to  the  hospital, 
and  to  innumerable  charities  bear  witness  to  his 
unostentatious  liberality. 

When  in  the  ages  to  come,  strangers  shall  visit 
New  Haven,  and  among  all  that  is  worth  the  seeing 
shall  ascend  the  steep  incline  of  East  Rock  Park,  and 
look  out  upon  a  landscape  made  up  of  the  dwellings 
of  a  populous  and  prosperous  city,  the  buildings  of  a 

56 


great  university,  suburban  residences  indicative  of 
opulence  and  taste,  the  distant  glories  of  mountains 
and  valleys  and  gracefully  winding  streams,  and  the 
question  is  asked  to  whose  liberality  New  Haven  is 
indebted,  for  a  park  whose  natural  beauty  is  scarcely 
paralleled  in  the  whole  world,  the  answer  will  be,  to 
James  E.  English  and  Henry  Famam,  whose  names 
are  forever  associated  with  the  transformation  of  these 
once  rude  heights  and  wild  wood  paths  into  scenes  of 
taste  and  elegance  and  sublime  beauty. 

When  in  those  future  times,  fountains  and  statues, 
beds  of  flowers  and  graceful  shrubbery  shall  adorn 
the  entire  park ;  when  a  broad  driveway  from  the 
foot  of  this  first  park  shall  conne6l  it  with  that  sec- 
ond park  historically  associated  with  the  exile  of 
the  soldier  who  headed  the  cavalry  at  the  decisive 
battle  of  Dunbar  and  who  was  the  custodian  of  the 
monarch  of  England  on  his  slow  march  to  his  doom ; 
and  when  from  the  foot  of  the  second  mountain  park, 
avenues  shall  lead  through  the  western  watershed 
park  to  the  land  below  which  nature  seems  to  have 
formed  for  a  cemetery  worthy  of  a  metropolitan  city, 
then  it  may  be  seen  that  the  munificence  of  these  two 
men  set  the  example  of  a  liberality  which,  accom- 
panied by  what  the  park  commissioners  are  now  doing, 
will  give  the  City  of  Elms  the  right  to  regard  itself  as 
emphatically  in  all  America  the  City  of  Parks. 


In  his  personal  cliaradleristics  Gov.  English  was  a 
genuine  man,  absolutely  free  from  the  arrogance  and 
assumption  which  marks  a  mean  nature  elevated  to 
stations  of  prominence.  When  he  became  the  chief 
magistrate  of  Connecticut,  and  when  he  represented 
his  constituency  in  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
his  native  state  in  the  Senate  at  Washington,  he  was 
as  unassuming  in  his  intercourse  with  the  humblest  of 
his  fellow  citizens  as  when  he  wielded  the  carpenter's 
adz  and  pushed  the  joiner's  plane.  In  his  make-up 
there  was  no  part  of  a  cockade  governor.  He  put  on 
no  airs.  He  never  made  any  display  of  superiority 
toward  men  less  distinguished  than  himself.  His 
earnest  advocacy  of  what  he  believed  to  be  true  and 
right  was  never  weakened  by  pretence. 

Few  men  of  New  Haven  have  been  more  familiar 
with  its  early  and  later  history  than  Governor  English. 
His  pride  in  the  town  absolutely  knew  no  limits. 
His  interest  in  the  objedls  of  this  society  was  mani- 
fested in  his  frequent  presence  and  his  participation 
in  its  meetings  by  narrating  his  reminiscences  of  the 
New  Haven  of  his  earlier  days. 

In  his  later  years,  his  elastic  step  and  manly  pres- 
ence seemed  the  promise  of  a  long  life.  Unex- 
pedledly  the  end  came  ;  and  James  E.  English,  carpen- 
ter, trader,  manufadlurer,  legislator,  governor  of  the 

58 


State,  senator  of  the  United  States,  patriot,  states- 
man and  public  benefaftor  passed  away.  His  life 
is  his  eulogy.  What  he  was  in  his  outer  life  has  been 
briefly  told.  What  he  was  in  his  domestic  life  of 
indulgent  tenderness,  is  sacred  in  the  remembrance  of 
those  to  whom  he  was  most  endeared. 

It  may  seem  ungracious  that  nothing  is  said  of  him 
through  whose  liberality  this  admirable  provision  for 
preserving  the  memory  of  those  who  have  gone  before 
us  has  been  eredled.  It  ought  not,  however,  to  be 
thought  a  disregard  of  his  own  injundlion  to  say,  that 
among  the  commandments  of  the  Decalogue,  in  that 
book  which  the  founders  of  the  New  Haven  colony 
adopted  as  the  rule  and  guide  of  their  lives,  there  is 
special  significance  attached  to  the  command  "  Honor 
thy  father  and  thy  mother  that  thy  days  may  be  long 
in  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee ;  " 
not  necessarily  length  of  days  as  measured  by  the 
statistics  of  longevity  but  that  more  prolonged  life 
which  finds  its  limit  only  when  the  grateful  recol- 
ledlion  of  generations  to  come  shall  cease. 


A  SKETCH  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE 

NEW  HAVEN  COLONY  HISTORICAL 

SOCIETY 

Read  Sept.  zSth,  1892 


THOMAS    R.    TROWBRIDGE, 

Secretary  of  the  Society 


'npO  our  honored  townsman,  Mr.  Horace  Day,  we 
give  the  credit  of  originating  this  New  Haven 
Colony  Historical  Society. 

It  was  Mr.  Day  who  issued  invitations  to  many  of 
the  representative  men  of  the  cit}'  to  meet  at  the 
house  of  the  late  William  A.  Reynolds,  to  organize  a 
historical  societ}^  The  place  of  meeting  was  well 
chosen,  as  the  house  stood  on  a  portion  of  the  cellar 
walls  upon  which,  as  early  as  1639,  rested  the  man- 
sion of  the  first  minister  of  the  New  Haven  colony ; 
almost  diredlly  opposite  stood  the  house  of  the  first 
governor,  Theophilus  Eaton, — the  house  "  of  twenty- 
foure  fire  places  and  rich  Turkey  hangings." 

61 


At  that  meeting,  in  the  autumn  of  1862,  a  memo- 
rial was  prepared,  which  on  0(5lober  6th  of  the  same 
year  was  presented  to  the  common  council ;  stating 
the  objedts  of  a  historical  society,  and  the  benefits 
which  the  town  and  city  would  derive  from  it,  aud 
also  requesting  the  cooperation  of  the  town  and 
city  in  the  work,  and  that  a  suitable  room  be  given 
to  the  proposed  society,  in  the  city  hall.  The 
memorial  was  signed  by  many  of  our  citizens,  few  of 
whom  are  now  living. 

The  mayor,  Mr.  H.  M.  Welch,  with  the  aldermen, 
met  on  October  nth,  1862,  aud  unanimously  granted 
the  petition,  assigning  them  the  room  and  fire  proof 
vault  on  the  third  floor  of  the  city  hall  now  occu- 
pied by  the  city  engineer.  With  the  usual  New 
Haven  caution,  it  was  voted  that  the  town  or  city 
be  at  no  expense  in  fixing  up  the  rooms.  They  were 
used  by  the  society  till  its  removal  to  the  State 
House,  in  1878. 

On  the  27th  of  the  same  month,  most  of  the  pro- 
moters of  the  society  again  met  at  the  Reynolds 
house,  and  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Leonard  Bacon,  Henry  White,  Horace  Day,  Fred- 
erick Croswell  and  Henry  Bronson,  to  prepare  a  plan 
of  organization  and  to  call  a  meeting  of  citizens,  to 
whom  such  plan  should  be  submitted  for  approval. 

63 


The  committee  performed  its  work,  and  in  response 
to  its  call  for  a  public  meeting  about  thirty  of  our 
citizens  met  at  the  office  of  the  mayor,  on  the  even- 
ing of  November  14th,  1862.  Of  the  gentlemen  who 
attended  that  meeting  but  five  are  now  living,  Dr. 
Henry  Bronson,  Horace  Day,  Hon.  Charles  R. 
Ingersoll,  Judge  John  C.  Hollister,  Gov.  Luzon  B. 
Morris,  and  William  E.  Sanford. 

The  constitution  of  the  New  Haven  Colony  His- 
torical Society  was  then  read  by  the  secretary,  Mr. 
Horace  Day.  For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have 
never  heard  it,  I  will  repeat  this  original  constitution 
of  the  society : 

"Article  I.  This  association  shall  be  known  as  the  New 
Haven  Colony  Historical  Society. 

Article  II.  The  objedl  of  this  society  shall  be  to  colledl  and 
preserve  such  books,  pamphlets,  newspapers,  broadsides, 
maps,  plans,  charts,  paintings,  engravings,  lithographs  and 
other  pidlorial  representations,  manuscripts,  autograph  letters, 
curiosities  and  antiquities  of  every  kind,  as  may  be  connedled 
with  or  may  illustrate  the  local  history  of  the  towns  included 
within  the  limits  of  the  ancient  New  Haven  Colony  ;  to  pre- 
serve such  traditions  as  now  exist  only  in  the  memories  of 
aged  persons  ;  to  encourage  historical  and  antiquarian  investi- 
gation, and  to  disseminate  historical  information. 

Article  III.  The  president,  vice-president,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and   an   advisory  committee   of  not   less   than   ten 

63 


members,  shall   be   annually  chosen   on   the  last  Monday  of 
November. 

Article  IV.  These  officers  shall  together  constitute  a  board 
of  diredlors,  who  shall  have  charge  of  the  colledlions  made  by 
the  society,  shall  provide  regulations  for  their  safety  and 
proper  use,  and  shall  prepare  business  for  the  regular  meetings 
of  the  society. 

Article  V.  Any  person  may  become  a  life  member  of  the 
society  by  paj^ment  of  twenty-five  dollars,  or  an  annual  mem- 
ber by  the  payment  of  one  dollar. 

Article  VI.  The  mayor  of  the  city  of  New  Haven,  the  pres- 
ident of  Yale  College,  and  the  town  clerk  of  New  Haven  shall 
be  ex-officio  members  of  the  advisory  committee,  and  the  alder- 
men of  the  city,  and  the  selectmen  of  the  town  of  New  Haven 
shall  be  ex-officio  members  of  the  society. 

Article  VII.  The  societj^  shall  hold  its  meetings  on  the  last 
Monday  of  each  alternate  month,  and  at  such  other  times  as 
the  diredlors  may  appoint. 

Article  VIII.  The  colledlions  made  by  the  society  .shall 
never  be  broken  up  bj'  sale  nor  by  division  among  its  members, 
nor  shall  they  ever  be  removed  from  New  Haven,  nor  shall 
any  article  be  exchanged  or  disposed  of  except  b}'  unanimous 
vote  of  the  diredlors  or  by  the  consent  of  the  donors." 

On  the  29th  of  December,  a  series  of  by-laws 
were  recommended  by  the  committee  and  unani- 
mously adopted. 


Througli  the  winter  there  seems  to  have  been  but 
little  done  regarding  the  welfare  of  the  society,  as  it 
was  necessary  to  wait  for  a  meeting  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State.  On  the  30th  of  March,  1863, 
on  motion  of  Judge  Wm.  W.  Boardman,  the  officers 
of  the  society  were  requested  to  take  measures  for 
obtaining  a  charter  for  the  society  from  the  legis- 
lature of  the  State.  Henry  White,  Esq.  and  Charles 
R.  Ingersoll,  Esq.  were  appointed  a  committee  for 
this  purpose,  and  presented  afterwards  the  charter  as 
granted  by  the  Assembly.  At  the  annual  meeting 
held  on  November  30th,  1863,  it  was  unanimously 
adopted,  and  the  society  then  became  authorized  to 
transadl  business. 

On  the  28th  of  November,  1864,  the  organization 
was  complete,  and  the  following  gentlemen  were 
elecfted  officers  of  the  society :  president,  Henry 
White ;  vice-president,  E.  Edwards  Beardsley ;  sec- 
retary, Horace  Day ;  treasurer,  Nathan  Peck ;  cura- 
tor, John  T.  Collis.  The  direcftors  were  Leonard 
Bacon,  Thomas  R.  Trowbridge,  Henry  Bronson, 
Elial  T.  Foote,  Charles  L.  English,  Charles  R. 
Ingersoll,  James  M.  Woodward,  William  A.  Rey- 
nolds, Samuel  Punderson,  Henry  C.  Kingsley, 
Elisha  E.  Cleaveland,  John  W.  Barber,  Henry  Button, 
Nathaniel  A.   Bacon.     Of  the    officers    first   eledled, 

6s 


Governor  Ingersoll,  Dr.   Bronson*  and  Mr.  Day  are 
now  alone  living. 

A  seal  was  ordered  for  the  society,  and  a  design 
made  by  L.  S.  Punderson  was  adopted  and  has  since 
been  used  by  us.  On  it  is  the  date  of  settlement,  in 
a  wreath  of  laurel — 1638 — and  around  the  outer  edge 
are  the  initial  letters  of  the  six  towns  which  com- 
prised the  New  Haven  colony, — New  Haven,  Mil- 
ford,  Branford,  Guilford,  Stratford  and  Southold. 

Shortly  afterwards,  the  society  occupied  the  rooms 
which  had  been  assigned  them  by  the  city,  and  con- 
tributions of  portraits,  books,  furniture,  pottery, 
engravings,  and  various  historical  articles  were  sent 
to  the  curator  by  friends  of  the  work,  and  in  a  short 
time  our  rooms  presented  a  very  interesting  collec- 
tion of  articles.  Several  gentlemen  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  invite  their  fellow  townsmen  to  become 
members  of  the  society,  and  so  great  was  the  interest 
shown  that  in  a  few  weeks  220  of  our  citizens  had 
become  members,  besides  some  20  who  had  joined  as 
life  members. 

Papers  were  read  on  historical  subjedls,  as  soon  as 
the  society  was  installed  in  the  new  rooms.     Among 

*  while  these  pages  are  passing  through  the  press  the  newspapers  an- 
nounce the  death  of  Dr.  Bronson  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-nine  years 
and  ten  months.  His  gifts,  made  during  his  life,  to  Yale  University  and 
other  public  institutions  in  New  Haven,  amounted  to  more  than  one  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars. 

66 


them  were  articles  by  Judge  Croswell,  Dr.  Beardsley, 
Dr.  Bacon,  Dr.  Cleaveland,  Thomas  R.  Trowbridge, 
Henry  White,  Prof.  Palmer,  Dr.  Bronson,  et  al. 
There  have  been  on  an  average  about  eight  papers 
read  yearly  before  the  society,  by  members  and 
friends  of  the  same.  Four  volumes  have  been  pub- 
lished, and  the  material  is  ready  for  the  fifth. 

For  abiding  places  we  have  had  several.  Our  first 
home  was  in  the  Room  No.  17,  Cit}^  Hall,  where  we 
remained  until  early  in  1878,  when  the  need  of  the 
city  for  better  accommodations  for  city  work  made  it 
necessary  for  new  quarters  to  be  found  for  the 
society.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  secure  a 
suitable  place,  and  after  some  weeks'  work  decided  to 
accept  the  offer  of  the  city  government,  tendered  by 
the  mayor,  Hon.  Hobart  B.  Bigelow,  of  the  rooms 
(two  in  number)  on  the  southwest  corner  of  the  old 
State  House,  which  had  a  short  time  previously  been 
abandoned  to  the  city  by  the  State.  Some  five  hun- 
dred dollars  were  expended  in  fitting  up  the  two 
rooms,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  purchase  car- 
pets, shades,  etc.  Shortly  afterwards  our  effedls 
were  removed  to  the  new  quarters,  and  the  members 
of  the  society  felicitated  themselves  upon  at  last  hav- 
ing a  permanent  home  and  a  resting  place  for  years 
to  come. 


67 


Hardly  were  we  domiciled  in  our  new  home  before 
propositions  were  made  and  articles  appeared  in  our 
daily  press,  recommending  the  removal  of  the  State 
House.  In  a  short  time  a  memorial  was  presented 
to  the  court  of  common  council,  praying  that  orders 
be  given  for  the  demolition  of  the  building,  and  the 
State  House  fight  began  in  earnest.  One  of  our 
members,  at  the  first  municipal  election,  was  eledled 
a  member  of  the  city  government,  with  a  view  of 
watching  the  popular  feeling  regarding  the  State 
House.  He  spent  three  years  in  the  business, — 
watching,  obstrudling,  memorializing,  raising  com- 
mittees, etc.  I  fear  the  tedious  debates  on  bath 
houses,  crosswalks,  sewers,  etc.  did  not  interest  the 
historical  member  as  they  should  have  done.  Bills 
were  introduced  pro  and  con^  committee  after  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  view  the  building,  which  was 
pronounced  by  some  to  be  in  danger  of  immediate 
falling  down,  by  others  to  be  as  firm  as  the  eternal 
hills.  In  a  morning  paper  of  the  time,  a  memorial 
was  published,  begging  the  mayor  to  rail  the  building 
off,  so  that  the  children  playing  about  it  need  not  be 
killed  by  its  falling  walls.  The  same  day,  more  than 
a  hundred  children  were  invited  to  play  in  and  around 
the  strudlure  and  regaled  with  ice  cream  and  cake. 

The  war  raged  through  the  sessions  of  1881,  1882, 
1883  and  1884,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the  State  House 

68 


question  was  the  important  one  before  the  coun- 
cil. It  is  only  fair  to  say  that  the  friends  of  the 
society  were  generally  vidlorious ;  at  least,  they 
prevented    for  several    years    the  demolition    of  the 


building. 


After  our  vidlories,  as  we  had  no  funds  to  expend 
for  banquets,  etc.,  we  celebrated  each  new  success  by 
extending  our  quarters.  When  the  verdidl  of  the 
council  was  given  in  our  favor,  we  quietly  annexed 
another  room,  and  as  we  entered  into  the  State 
House  war  with  two  rooms  and  came  out  with  six, 
we  have  always  thought  that  we  were  the  vidlors. 
At  last,  in  the  city  election  of  1S84,  a  vote  was  taken 
whether  to  destroy  or  save  the  building.  A  hand- 
some majority  in  favor  of  allowing  the  building  to 
stand  gave  its  friends  assurance  of  restful  possession 
and  proper  repairs.  But  no ;  the  iconoclasts  were 
up  and  at  it  again.  In  the  vote  to  preserve  the  State 
House,  nothing  was  said  about  repairing  the  same, 
so  there  was  another  outbreak  of  war.  After  another 
long  series  of  debates,  committees,  architects'  reports, 
etc.,  the  council,  by  a  majority  vote,  ordered  the 
removal  of  the  building.  The  officers  of  the  society 
at  once  obtained  an  injun6lion  at  the  suit  of  several 
of  our  largest  tax  payers,  and  immediate  removal  was 
prevented. 

69 


In  due  time  the  injundlion  was  removed,*  and 
though,  by  appealing  to  the  courts,  the  building 
could  have  been  preserved,  perhaps  for  years,  still 
the  society,  seeing  that  public  opinion  had  in  a 
measure  changed,  and  unwilling  to  defy  the  senti- 
ment, withdrew  its  opposition,  and  quietly  removed 
all  of  its  belongings  to  Room  24  in  the  Insurance 
Building,  where  we  felt  about  the  same  sense  of  iso- 
lation that  Noah  must  have  felt  on  Ararat.  The 
State  House  was  soon  a  memory,  and  now  we  all 
rejoice  in  its  removal,  since  it  has  brought  to  us  such 
great  good  fortune. 

Some  two  years  ago,  we  were  invited  to  occupy  the 
galleries  of  the  Public  Library,  and  immediately  went 
to  work  and  prepared  our  books  and  articles  for 
removal  thither.  To  our  surprise,  just  as  we  were 
ready  to  move,  notice  was  sent  us  to  await  the  adlion 
of  the  council,  which  finally  decided  not  to  admit  us 
to  the  library.  That  news  well  nigh  discouraged 
us.  We  not  only  feared  the  loss  of  interest  in  the 
society  by  the  public,  but  were  grieved  to  see  a 
spirit  of  "  giving  up  "  show  itself  among  some  of 
our  friends ;  some  even  proposing  to  wind  up  the 
society  and  present  our  property  to  the  Hartford 
society. 

*  The  suit  is  reported  as  Whitney,  et  al.,  vs.  City  of  New  Haven,  58 
Connedlicut  Reports,  p.  450. 


While  in  this  depressed  state  of  affairs,  one  of  our 
citizens  (I  may  say  one  of  our  old  town-born  citi- 
zens), bade  us  worry  no  longer  about  a  home,  saying 
that  he  would  present  us  such  a  building  as  the 
society  might  choose,  to  be  situated  wherever  they 
eleAed.  The  palatial  edifice  in  which  we  are  now 
gathered  is  the  gift  which  was  promised  us,  and  as 
we  dedicate  it  to-day,  we  feel  sure  that  generations 
still  to  come  will  thank  Henry  F.  English  for  his 
noble  and  permanent  testimonial. 

The  colledlions  of  this  society  are  both  numerous 
and  valuable.  Among  the  choicest  of  our  treasures 
are :  the  silver  snuff  box  of  the  regicide,  John 
Dixwell,  whose  grave  is  behind  the  Center  Church ; 
President  Stiles'  map  of  the  city  of  New  Haven ;  the 
original  sign  of  Benedidl  Arnold,  as  a  druggist,  his 
mortar  used  in  business,  his  day-book,  and  also  his 
army  medicine  chest ;  a  model  of  the  first  trestle 
bridge  built  in  the  world ;  the  original  prints  of  the 
battles  of  Bunker  Hill,  Concord,  and  Lexington, 
engraved  and  colored  by  Amos  Doolittle ;  the  ship 
"  Constitution "  which  was  found  floating  in  the 
British  channel  in  1783,  and  brought  to  this  port  by 
a  New  Haven  ship-master ;  an  iron  brank,  which  in 
the  early  days  of  our  colony  was  placed  on  the  heads 
of  scolding  women ;  the  first  map  of  the  United 
States,   called    "  the   Grand   Display   of  the   United 


States ; "  the  crucifix  which  belonged  to  an  early 
Roman  Catholic  priest  in  the  city ;  a  series  of  four 
oil  paintings,  illustrating  the  sea  fight  between  the 
"  Constitution  "  and  "  Guerriere  "  ;  the  portmanteau 
which  Commodore  Hiill  was  using  on  the  cruise 
when  he  fought  the  battle  ;  a  pair  of  pistols  used  by 
Gen.  Jackson  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  These 
are  a  few  of  the  valuable  relics,  which  kindred  socie- 
ties might  be  glad  to  possess.  Our  colledlion  of 
historical  portraits  and  engravings  is  of  great  value, 
and  through  the  interest  and  kindness  of  our  citizens 
is  increasing  constantly.''' 

Our  library  is  of  more  value  and  importance  than 
most  of  us  imagine.  Many  of  our  books  and  pam- 
phlets are  rare  and  unique.  Among  them  is  the 
History  of  Georgia,  of  which  less  than  one  hundred 
copies  were  printed.  Our  copy  was  presented  by 
Madame  De  Renne  of  Savannah,  to  our  secretary, 
who  in  turn  gave  it  to  the  society.  The  one  hun- 
dred copies  were  published  by  Madame  De  Renne,  at 
an    expense    of  $8,000.     Our  library  numbers  fully 

*  since  the  foregoing  was  written,  we  have  received  from  Mr.  A.  C. 
Hendrick,  late  Chief  of  the  New  Haven  Fire  Department,  his  entire  col- 
ledlion  of  articles,  200  in  all,  relating  to  the  history  of  the  department. 
It  is  a  most  interesting  contribution  and  we  thank  him  for  it. 

From  Mrs.  Marion  C.  E.  Dunscomb  we  have  received  a  silver  tankard, 
once  the  property  of  President  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  marked  with  the 
initials  of  his  wife,  Sarah  Pierpont  of  New  Haven. 


3,6oo  books  of  value,  besides  which  we  have  about 
6,000  pamphlets,  chap-books  and  broadsides,  and 
many  ancient  manuscripts.  Among  the  latter  is 
part  of  the  original  draft  of  Dr.  Stiles'  History  of 
the  Judges  ;  letters  of  John  Dixwell ;  and  Chief  Jus- 
tice Church's  notes  on  the  constitutional  convention 
of  1818. 

The  files  of  newspapers  are  of  especial  value,  and 
are  very  often  consulted  by  antiquarians  and  others. 
They  were  of  great  use  to  many  who  were  searching 
for  matter  to  substantiate  claims  under  the  French 
Spoliation  A61.  Parties  came  to  our  rooms  to  con- 
sult their  columns  from  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and 
other  cities. 

This  society  should  have  a  membership  of  fully 
one  thousand  of  our  citizens.  We  need  the  help  and 
cooperation  of  our  friends  to  keep  the  society  up  to 
the  place  which  it  deserves,  and  we  cordially  invite 
all  to  assist  us  in  this  noble  work. 


73 


WST  OF  THE   EXECUTIVE    OFFICERS   OF   THE 
SOCIETY  SINCE  ITS  FOUNDATION 


PRESIDENT. 

Henry  White,  M. A.,    -  -  -  -  1862101873 

Rev.  E.  Edwards  Beardsley,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  -  1873  to  1884 

Hon.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  L,L,.D.,        -  -  1884 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Rev.  E.  Edwards  Beardsley,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  -  1862  to  1873 

Thomas  R.  Trowbridge,  -  -  -  1873  to  1883 

Hon.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  LL.D.,        -  -  1883  to  1884 

Hon.  James  E.  English,  M.A.,  -  -  1884  to  1890 

Eh  Whitney,  M.A.,      -  -  -  -  1890 


SECRETARY. 

Horace  Day,  M.A., 
Rev.  Chauncey  Goodrich,  M.A., 
Daniel  C.  Oilman,  I,L,.D., 
Franklin  B.  Dexter,  M.A.,       - 
Rev.  William  G.  Andrews,  D.D., 
Thomas  R.  Trowbridge, 


1862  to  1865 
1865  to  1867 
1867  to  1872 

1872  to  1873 

1873  to  1883 
1883 


75 


TREASURER. 

William  S.  Charnley,  -             -  -  -  1862  to  1863 

Nathan  Peck,   -            -            -  -  -  1863  to  1883 

Robert  Peck,  A. B.,      -            -  -  -  1883  to  1888 

Charles  S.  Leete,           -             -  -  -  1888  to  1893 

Dwight  E.  Bowers,  A. B.,  Lly.B.,  -  -  1893 

LIBRARIAN. 

John  T.  Collis,  M.A.,               -  -  -  1863  to  1871 

Edward  H.  Leffingwell,  M.D.,  -  -  1871  to  1881 

Henry  Trowbridge,  Jr.,  A.B.,  -  -  1881  to  1883 

George  D.  Watrous,  D.C.Iy.,  -  -  -  1883  to  1884 

George  Sherman,  M. A.,            -  -  -  1884  to  1887 

Dwight  E.  Bowers,  A. B.,  IvIv.B.,  -  -  1887 

CURATOR. 

John  T.  Collis,  M.A.,  -            -  -  -  1863  to  1871 

Edward  H.  I,effingwell,  M.D.,  -  -  1871  to  1881 

Henry  Trowbridge,  Jr.,  A. B.,  -  -  1881  to  1883 

George  D.  Watrous,  D.C.Iv.,  -  -  -  1883  to  1884 

George  Sherman,  M. A.,            -  -  -  1884  to  1887 

Dwight  E.  Bowers,  A.B.,  IvI^.B.,  -  -  1887  to  1891 

George  H.  lyarned,       -             -  -  -  1 891  to  1892 

Katharine  H.  Trowbridge,        -  -  .  1892 


LIST  OF  OFFICERS,    1893-94 


PRESIDENT. 

Hon.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  LL.D. 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Eli  Whitney,  M.A. 

SECRETARY. 

Thomas  R.  Trowbridge. 


TREASURER. 

DwiGHT  E.  Bowers,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

BOARD    OF    DIRECTORS. 

Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Yale 

University,  ex-officio. 
Hon.  J.  B.  Sargent,  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  Haven, 
ex-qfficio. 
Frederick  H.  Brethauer,  Town  Clerk  of  New  Haven,  ex-officio. 
Hon.  Charles  R.  Ingersoll,  LL.D. 
Rev.  James  M.  Hoppin,  Lly.B.,  D.D. 
Frank  E.  Hotchkiss. 
Charles  H.  Townsheud. 
George  Petrie. 


James  G.  English. 

T.  Attwater  Barnes. 

Hon.  Caleb  B.  Bowers. 

Hon.  lyynde  Harrison,  LL-B. 

Henry  ly.  Hotchkiss. 

Ellsworth  I.  Foote. 

Edwin  H.  English. 

Hon.  Edward  E.  Bradley. 

James  M.  B.  Dwight,  M.A.,  LL.B. 

Charles  L.  Baldwin. 

George  A.  Root. 

Henry  F.  English,  EL-B. 

Andrew  h-  Kidston. 

Prof.  George  B.  Adams,  Ph.D. 

Prof.  Arthur  M.  Wheeler,  M.A. 

Nathan  H.  Sanford. 

Prof.  Charles  H.  Smith,  M.A. 

Edward  C.  Beecher. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 
Simeon  E.  Baldwin. 
Thomas  R.  Trowbridge,  ex-officio. 
Caleb  B.  Bowers. 
Edward  E.  Bradley. 
Arthur  M.  Wheeler. 

PUBLICATION    COMMITTEE. 

Simeon  E.  Baldwin. 
James  M.  Hoppin. 
Thomas  R.  Trowbridge. 
Eynde  Harrison. 
Henry  F.  English. 

78 


ladies'  auxiliary  committee. 
Mrs.  James  M.  Hoppin. 
Mrs.  Evelyn  McC.  Salisbury. 
Mrs.  Wm.  D.  Whitney. 
Mrs.  Thomas  R.  Trowbridge. 
Mrs.  C.  B.  Bowers. 
Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Carmalt. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Hotchkiss. 
Mrs.  Henry  F.  English. 

LIBRARIAN. 

Dwight  E.  Bowers,  A.B.,  LI,.B. 

CURATOR    AND    ASSISTANT    LIBRARIAN. 

Miss  Katharine  H.  Trowbridge. 


N.  B. — The  coUedlions  of  the  society  on  the  lower  floor  of  its  building, 
No.  144  Grove  street,  are  open  to  public  inspe<flion  daily  from  10  A.  M.  to 
12.30  P.  M.,  and  from  2.30  p.  M.  to  4.30  P.  M.  The  library  is  open  to  mem- 
bers and  their  families  for  consultation  during  the  same  hours.  The 
society  meets  statedly  at  8  A.  M.  on  the  last  Monday  of  each  month,  except 
June,  July  and  August.  Persons  desiring  to  become  members  are  invited 
to  send  in  their  names  to  the  Curator.  Annual  dues,  $5.  Life  member- 
ship, $50.     There  is  no  initiation  fee. 


LIST  OF  MEMBERS   OF  THE  SOCIETY,   1893-94 


LIFE   MEMBERS. 

Rev.  \Vm.  G.  Andrews,  D.D.,  Guilford. 

Frederick  Sanford  Attwater. 

Roger  Sherman  Baldwin,  A.B.,  LL-B. 

Nathan  A.  Baldwin. 

Hon.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  LL.D. 

E.  Henrj'  Barnes. 

L.  Wheeler  Beecher,  Westville. 

George  Bliss,  New  York  City. 

Frederick  Bostwick. 

Dwight  E.  Bowers,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Leonard  A.  Bradley,  M.A. 

Cornelius  S.  Bushnell. 

Wm.  H.  Carmalt,  M.D. 

Gen.  Joseph  Colton. 

Prof.  Franklin  B.  Dexter,  M.A. 

William  E.  Downes,  A.B. 

Edwin  H.  English. 

Henrj'  F.  English,  LL.B. 

James  G.  English. 

Richard  M.  Everit. 

Prof.  Henry  W.  Famam,  M.A.,  R.P.D. 

Franklin  Farrel,  Jr.,  Ansonia. 


Gen.  George  H.  Ford. 

Gen.  Edwin  S.  Greeley. 

Hon.  lyynde  Harrison,  L,L,.B. 

Frank  E.  Hotchkiss. 

Henry  L.  Hotchkiss. 

Henry  Stuart  Hotchkiss. 

George  H.  Larned,  Wickford,  R.  I. 

Joseph  Parker. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  F.  Pratt. 

Joseph  Porter. 

Edwin  Rowe. 

Thomas  F.  Rowland,  Ph.B.,  New  York  City. 

Nathan  H.  Sanford. 

Hon.  Joseph  B.  Sargent. 

Prof.  Thomas  D.  Seymour,   Ph.D. 

Joel  A.  Sperry. 

Ezekiel  G.  Stoddard. 

Henry  A.  Taylor,  Milford. 

Charles  Hervey  Townshend. 

Henry  Hotchkiss  Townshend. 

E.  Hayes  Trowbridge,  Jr. 

Frank  D.  Trowbridge,  A.B. 

Henry  Trowbridge. 

Rutherford  Trowbridge. 

Thomas  R.  Trowbridge. 

William  R.  H.  Trowbridge,  M.A. 

Wilson  Waddingham,  West  Haven. 

Hon.  Francis  Wayland,  L,lr.D. 

Eli  Whitney,  M.A. 

Eli  Whitney,  Jr.,  M.A. 

Prof.  Arthur  W.  Wright,  Ph.D. 


ANNUAL   MEMBERS. 

Prof.  George  B.  Adams,  Ph.D. 

Max  Adler. 

H.  Trowbridge  Allen. 

Wm.  H.  Allen. 

David  R.  Ailing. 

George  A.  Ailing. 

John  W.  Ailing,  M.A. 

Lorenzo  Armstrong. 

Francis  Bacon,  M.D. 

T.  Attwater  Barnes. 

Wm.  E.  Barnett,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Samuel  E.  Barney. 

Samuel  E.  Barney,  Jr.,  Ph.B. 

George  S.  Barnum. 

Starr  H.  Barnum. 

Francis  G.  Beach,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

John  K.  Beach,  A.B.,  L,Iy.B. 

Rev.  Wm.  W.  Beardsley,  A.B. 

Frank  E.  Beckwith,  M.D. 

Prof.  Wm.  Beebe,  A.B. 

Edward  C.  Beech er. 

George  W.  L.  Benedidl. 

Philo  S.  Bennett. 

Frank  L,.  Bigelow,  Ph.B. 

Timothy  H.  Bishop,  M.D. 

Henry  T.  Blake,  M.A. 

Edwin  B.  Bowditch. 

Hon.  Caleb  B.  Bowers. 

Hon.  S.  D wight  Bowers. 

Hon.  Edward  E.  Bradley. 


Franklin  S.  Bradley,  M.A. 

Prof.  Wm.  H.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 

Eugene  S.  Bristol,  Pli.B. 

John  W.  Bristol,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Louis  H.  Bristol,  A.B. 

Benjamin  E.  Brown. 

Robert  Brown,  M.A. 

Hon.  Samuel  L.  Bronson,  A.B. 

Frank  Bruen. 

Wm.  H.  Burchell. 

Winthrop  G.  Bu.shnell,  A.B. 

George  A.  Butler. 

Mrs.  Sarah  1,.  Cady. 

Frederick  S.  Calhoun,  A.B. 

Prof.  A.  Guyot  Cameron,  Ph.D. 

Leverett  L.  Camp. 

John  S.  Cannon. 

Edward  L.  Catlin. 

George  R.  Chamberlin. 

James  Gardner  Clark,  M.A. 

Frederick  H.  Cogswell. 

E.  Shelton  Cornell. 

Thomas  L.  Cornell,  Birmingham. 

Frederick  L.  Cowles,  Ph.B. 

Robert  I.  Couch. 

Samuel  P.  Crafts,  Hamden. 

George  O.  Cruttenden. 

Prof  Edward  ly.  Curtis,  Ph.D.,  D.D. 

George  W.  Curtis. 

David  L.  Daggett,  M.D. 

Leonard  M.  Daggett,  A.B.,  LL.B. 


84 


Wm.  G.  Daggett,  M.D. 

Prof.  Edward  S.  Dana,  Ph.D. 

Prof.  James  D.  Dana,  Ph.D.,  Lly.D.,  F.R.S.  (Lond. 

and  Ed.) 
Isaac  N.  Dann. 
John  A.  Dann. 
Mrs.  John  M.  Davies. 
Arthur  H.  Day,  Ph.B. 
Wilbur  F.  Day. 
Frederick  C.  Dayton. 
Andrew  W.  DeForest. 
Charles  S.  DeForest. 
Eugene  DeForest. 
Louis  S.  DeForest,  M.D. 
Clarence  Deming,  A.B. 
Hon.  Lucius  P.  Deming,  LL.B. 
Charles  Dickerman. 
George  L.  Dickerman,  A.B.,  LL.B. 
Hon.  Tilton  E.  Doolittle,  M.A.,  LL.B. 
Myron  R.  Durham. 
James  M.  B.  Dwight,  M.A.,  LL.B. 
President  Timothy  Dwight,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
Prof.  D.  Cady  Eaton,  M.A. 
Wm.  L.  Elkin,  Ph.D. 
Benjamin  R.  English. 
John  C.  English. 
Joseph  T.  English. 
Lewis  English. 
James  T.  Ensign. 
Willard  P.  Ensign. 
Wm.  W.  Famam,  M.A.,  J.U.D. 


8s 


F.  Wayland  Fellowes,  M.A. 

Prof.  George  P.  Fisher,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

J.  Brewster  Fitch. 

Septimus  C.  Fleetwood. 

Ellsworth  I.  Foote. 

Horace  A.  Foote. 

Frederick  A.  Fowler. 

John  S.  Fowler,  LI^.B. 

John  P.  C.  Foster,  M.D. 

Mrs.  Philip  S.  Galpin,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Samuel  A.  Galpin,  M.A. 

Charles  Gilbert. 

Levi  C.  Gilbert. 

Wilbur  F.  Gilbert. 

Melville  M.  Gower. 

Hon.  James  Graham,  West  Haven. 

George  M.  Grant. 

Charles  E.  Graves,  M.A. 

Prof.  Arthur  T.  Hadley,  M.A. 

Theodore  Hagaman. 

Rev.  E.  Edwin  Hall,  M.A.,  LL-B.,  Fair  Haven. 

Hon.  John  M.  Hall,  A.B. 

Charles  S.  Hamilton,  M.A.,  LL.B. 

Hon.  Henry  B.  Harrison,  L,I<.D. 

Paul  Wolcott  Harrison. 

Franklin  H.  Hart. 

Rev.  P.  V.  Hartigan. 

Nathaniel  J.  Hayes. 

Samuel  I.  Hayes. 

John  E.  Heaton. 

Andrew  B.  Hendrix. 


Rev.  A.  V.  Higgins,  D.D. 

Albert  B.  Hill,  Ph.B. 

Francis  Hillhouse,  Ph.B.,  New  York  City. 

Miss  Isaphene  Hillhouse. 

William  Hillhouse,  M.D. 

A.  Maxcy  Hiller,  M.A. 

Frank  H.  Hooker,  A.B. 

Thomas  Hooker,  M.A. 

Frederick  R.  Honey,  M.A. 

Prof.  James  M.  Hoppin,  LL.B.,  D.D. 

J.  Mason  Hoppin,  A.B. 

Hon.  Hobart  L.  Hotchkiss,  LL.B. 

Justus  S.  Hotchkiss,  LI/.B. 

F.  Thornton  Hunt,  A.B. 

Hon.  Charles  R.  Ingersoll,  L,L,.D. 

Robert  S.  Ives,  M.D. 

Hon.  Stephen  W.  Kellogg,  M.A.,  Waterbury. 

Tredwell  Ketcham. 

Andrew  L,.  Kidston. 

Lyman  M.  Law. 

Edward  Lawrence. 

Charles  S.  Leete. 

John  G.  Lewis. 

Charles  A.  Lindsley,  M.D. 

C.  Purdy  Lindsley,  M.D. 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Lineaweaver. 

Rev.  Edwin  S.  Lines. 

George  S.  Lord. 

Fred  C.  Lum. 

Graham  Lusk,  Ph.D. 

Richard  F.  Lyon. 


87 


Hon.  Burton  Mansfield,  Ph.B.,  LL.B. 

E.  F.  Mansfield. 

Henry  W.  Mansfield. 

John  T.  Manson. 

Edwin  Marble. 

George  B.  Martin. 

C.  M.  Mathews. 

Albert  McC.  Mathewson,  LL.B. 

Robert  W.  Mclntyre. 

Charles  G.  Merriman. 

Edwin  F.  Mersick. 

Hon.  Samuel  E.  Merwin. 

Wilbur  E.  Miller. 

Ralph  I.  Miner. 

Rev.  G.  Brinley  Morgan,  M.A. 

Cornelius  S.  Morehouse. 

Hon.  Luzon  B.  Morris,  M.A. 

Elliott  H.  Morse. 

Henry  J.  Morton. 

Seth  H.  Mosely. 

William  H.  Mosely. 

Rev.  Theodore  T.  Munger,  D.D. 

William  Neely. 

George  F.  Newcombe. 

Henry  G.  Newton,  M.A.,  LL.B. 

Prof.  Hubert  A.  Newton,  LL-D.,  F.R.S.  (Ed.) 

M.  B.  Newton. 

John  W.  Nichols,  Branford. 

John  C.  North. 

John  H.  North. 

Norris  G.  Osborn,  A.B. 


Arthur  D.  Osborne,  A.B. 

Lewis  E.  Osborne. 

Oliver  T.  Osborne,  M.D. 

A.  Leroy  Page. 

Samuel  K.  Page. 

William  S.  Pardee,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Henry  S.  Parmelee. 

Hon.  Henr^-  F.  Peck. 

Henrj-  S.  Peck. 

John  M.  Peck. 

C.  Berry  Peets. 
George  Petrie. 

Prof.  A.  W.  Phillips,  Ph.D. 
John  H.  Phillips. 

D.  Goffe  Phipps. 

Hon.  Rufus  S.  Pickett,  LL.B. 

Hon.  James  P.  Pigott,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Horatio  G.  Redfield. 

Rev.  Wm.  T.  Reynolds,  M.A.  North  Haven. 

Prof.  Chas.  B.  Richards,  M.A. 

Henry  \V.  Ring,  M.D. 

Hon.  William  C.  Robinson,  LL.D. 

Wm.  W.  Rodman,  M.D. 

Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Rogers. 

George  A.  Root. 

Henry  C.  Rowe. 

Amorj'  E.  Rowland,  Ph.B. 

F.  C.  Rowland. 

Thomas  H.  Russell,  M.D. 

Wm.  H.  Sage,  M.D. 

Prof.  Edward  Elbridge  Salisbury,  LL.D. 


89 


lyUcien  Sanderson. 

Leonard  J.  Sanford,  M.D. 

Edward  R.  Sargent,  Ph.B. 

Prof.  John  Christopher  Schwab,  Ph.D. 

George  D.  Seymour,  1,1,. B. 

Horace  P.  Shares. 

Miss  Jane  de  F.  Shelton,  Birmingham. 

Edgar  L.  Shipman. 

Bernard  Shouinger. 

Augustus  B.  Smith. 

Prof.  Charles  H.  Smith,  M.A. 

Sylvester  Smith. 

Wm.  L.  Squire,  Meriden. 

Morris  Steinert. 

Wm.  F.  Sternberg. 

James  E.  Stetson. 

John  H.  Taylor. 

James  Terry. 

Alphonso  Thill. 

C.  S.  Thompson. 

Frank  I.  Thompson. 

Harry  Grant  Thompson,  Jr. 

George  H.  Townsend. 

Hon.  Wm.  K.  Townsend,  M.A.,  D.CL. 

Francis  B.  Trowbridge. 

Fred.  1,.  Trowbridge. 

William  Trumbull,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

George  H.  Tuttle. 

Nathan  H.  Tuttle. 

Theodore  A.  Tuttle. 

Julius  Twiss,  M.A.,  LL.B. 


Morris  F.  Tyler,  M.A.,  LL.B. 

William  R.  Tyler. 

Addison  VanName,  M.A. 

Emory  J.  Walker,  M.D. 

Charles  T.  Ward. 

Prof.  George  D.  Watrous,  M.A.,  D.C.Iy. 

Charles  H.  Webb. 

Clarence  W.  Webb. 

Pierce  N.  Welch,  A.B. 

Thomas  Westbrook. 

Prof.  Arthur  M.  Wheeler,  M.A. 

Edwin  S.  Wheeler,  M.A. 

John  Davenport  Wheeler,  Ph.B. 

Oliver  S.  White,  M.A.,  IvL.B. 

Roger  S.  White,  M.A.,  I^I^.B. 

Stephen  Whitney. 

Prof  Wm.  D.  Whitney,  Ph.D.,  L.H.D.,  LL.D.,  J.U.D. 

Frank  Whittemore,  M.D. 

F.  Wells  Williams,  M.A. 

Mrs.  Jane  E.  Winchester. 

George  Woodward,  M.D. 

Samuel  A.  York,  Jr.,  A.B.,  LL.B. 


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